{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:19:07Z","timestamp":1790633947272,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The separation of a toluene\/methanol\/water ternary mixture is a difficult task due to the toluene\/water and toluene\/methanol azeotropes. In this article, low-energy pervaporation is proposed for the separation of the ternary azeotrope toluene\u2013methanol\u2013water. This work investigates the effects of feed temperature, feed flow rate, and vacuum on pervaporation and compares the energy consumption of pervaporation with that of distillation. The results showed that at the optimized flow rate of 50 L\/h and a permeate side vacuum of 60 kPa at 50 \u00b0C, the water and methanol content in the permeate was about 63.2 wt.% and 36.8 wt.%, respectively, the water\/ methanol separation factor was 24.04, the permeate flux was 510.7 g\/m2\u00b7h, the water content in the feed out was reduced from 2.5 wt.% to less than 0.66 wt.%, and the dehydration of toluene methanol could be realized. Without taking into account the energy consumption of pumps and other power equipment, pervaporation requires an energy consumption of 43.53 kW\u00b7h to treat 1 ton of raw material, while the energy consumption of distillation to treat 1 ton of raw material is about 261.5 kW\u00b7h. Compared to the existing distillation process, the pervaporation process consumes much less energy (about one-sixth of the energy consumption of distillation). There is almost no effect on the surface morphology and chemical composition of the membrane before and after use. The method provides an effective reference for the dehydration of organic solvents from ternary mixtures containing toluene\/methanol\/water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes14060139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T04:15:27Z","timestamp":1718165727000},"page":"139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dehydration of Organic Solvents from Ternary Mixtures Containing Toluene\/Methanol\/Water by Pervaporation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shichang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604311","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201604311","article-title":"Novel Organic-Dehydration Membranes Prepared from Zirconium Metal-Organic Frameworks","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. 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