{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:37:10Z","timestamp":1790883430893,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Make New Standard Next Generation Research Program of Tokai Higher Educational Research System (THERS)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study focuses on optimizing the Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction system using a membrane reactor to improve CO2 conversion efficiency. A one-dimensional simulation model was developed using FlexPDE Professional Version 8.01\/W64 software to analyze the performance of ZSM-5 membranes integrated with 0.5 wt% Ru-Cu\/ZnO\/Al2O3 catalysts. The results show that the membrane reactor significantly outperforms the conventional Packed Bed Reactor by achieving higher CO2 conversion (0.61 vs. 0.99 with optimized parameters), especially at lower temperatures, due to its ability to remove H2O and shift the reaction equilibrium selectively. Key operational parameters, including temperature, pressure, and sweep gas flow rate, were optimized to maximize membrane reactor performance. The ZSM-5 membrane showed strong H2O selectivity, with an optimum operating temperature of around 400\u2013600 \u00b0C. The problem is that many reactants permeate at higher temperatures. Subsequently, a Half-MPBR design was introduced. This design was able to overcome the reactant permeation problem and increase the conversion. The conversion ratios for PBR, MPBR, and Half-MPBR are 0.71, 0.75, and 0.86, respectively. This work highlights the potential of membrane reactors to overcome the thermodynamic limitations of RWGS reactions and provides valuable insights to advance Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes15040107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T04:06:05Z","timestamp":1743566765000},"page":"107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimization of Carbon Dioxide Utilization: Simulation-Based Analysis of Reverse Water Gas Shift Membrane Reactors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4262-3452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Putri","family":"Permatasari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Processing, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1113, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5352-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manabu","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1113, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9987-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasunori","family":"Oumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1113, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogi Wibisono","family":"Budhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40116, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haroki","family":"Madani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1163-1564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teguh","family":"Kurniawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Serang 42435, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1695-5955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeyuki","family":"Uemiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1113, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., P\u00f6rtner, H.O., Roberts, D.C., Skea, J., Shukla, P.R., Pirani, A., Matthews, J.B.R., Chen, Y., and Connors, S. 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