{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:22:23Z","timestamp":1792182143380,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRIMA Foundation","award":["[2024] [TRUST]-Call 2020 Sect. 1 Water IA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2024] [TRUST]-Call 2020 Sect. 1 Water IA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The widespread presence of stable and hazardous organic contaminants, such as synthetic dyes, in industrial effluents necessitates the development of resilient treatment strategies capable of achieving efficient degradation and decolorization of dye pollutants. Conventional treatment processes often fail to remove such recalcitrant compounds, prompting growing interest in integrated advanced systems. Photocatalytic membranes represent a promising solution due to the synergistic combination of physical separation and catalytic degradation. In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited by spin coating onto smectite\u2013zeolite ceramic membranes (MS10\/Z90), applying one (M1), two (M2), and three (M3) successive coating layers to control catalyst thickness. SEM analysis confirmed that increasing the number of layers resulted in a thicker and more homogeneous ZnO coating, while XRD revealed enhanced crystallinity and larger crystallite size. Water permeability decreased progressively from 623 L\u00b7h\u22121\u00b7m\u22122\u00b7bar\u22121 for the uncoated membrane to 506, 439, and 350 L\u00b7h\u22121\u00b7m\u22122\u00b7bar\u22121 for M1, M2, and M3, respectively. Photocatalytic performance was evaluated using Rhodamine B (RhB) (10 mg\u00b7L\u22121) under UV irradiation (365 nm, 18 W) for 180 min, achieving degradation efficiencies of 83.0%, 94.6%, and 99.1% for M1, M2, and M3, respectively. The degradation kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model, with rate constants increasing with catalyst layer thickness. Free radical scavenging assays confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (\u2022OH) were the primary reactive species responsible for RhB degradation. These findings highlight the critical influence of ZnO layer thickness and mass transfer on photocatalytic performance, demonstrating the potential of ZnO-coated ceramic membranes for efficient pollutant degradation and in situ photocatalytic regeneration. Permeability measurements after photocatalytic treatment confirmed effective flux recovery, supporting the operational durability of the developed membranes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes16040148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T10:29:08Z","timestamp":1776162548000},"page":"148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Photocatalytic Cleanability of ZnO-Decorated Ceramic Membranes for Rhodamine B Removal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yassine","family":"Khmiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cAdvanced Technologies for Environment and Smart Cities\u201d, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6396-7119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feryelle","family":"Aouay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cAdvanced Technologies for Environment and Smart Cities\u201d, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"},{"name":"ICMPE UMR-CNRS 7182-UPEC, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afef","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cAdvanced Technologies for Environment and Smart Cities\u201d, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3863-8387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajer","family":"Aloulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cAdvanced Technologies for Environment and Smart Cities\u201d, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0098-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Las\u00e2ad","family":"Dammak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMPE UMR-CNRS 7182-UPEC, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3163-5861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catia","family":"Algieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute on Membrane Technology \u201cEnrico Drioli\u201d, National Research Council of Italy (ITM\u2013CNR), Cubo 17C, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raja","family":"Ben Amar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cAdvanced Technologies for Environment and Smart Cities\u201d, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espinosa, M., Afonso, C., Saraiva, B., Vione, D., and Fernandes, A. 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