{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T09:05:34Z","timestamp":1784624734081,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Membranes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the core component of an artificial kidney, a hemodialysis membrane can remove metabolic wastes and excess fluid from the blood while retaining essential proteins. Despite their essential role in blood purification, current hemodialysis membranes still show limited efficiency in clearing middle-molecule uremic toxins, especially \u03b22-microglobulin. Ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15) was used as an inorganic pore-regulating additive to construct ordered mesoporous silica\/polyethersulfone (PES) mixed-matrix membranes for separation applications. The incorporation of SBA-15 may help form additional effective transport pathways in the PES membrane by regulating pore formation, increasing membrane hydrophilicity, and improving apparent pore connectivity, thereby reducing the apparent transport resistance of middle-molecule solutes. As a result, the composite membranes achieved improved dialysis performance while maintaining high BSA retention. The SBA-15 loading was systematically optimized. Relative to the pristine PES membrane, the 7 wt.% SBA-15 membrane reduced the water contact angle from 65.1\u00b0 to 49.0\u00b0 and increased lysozyme reduction from 40.9% to 55.2%, with pure water permeability reaching 261.5 L m\u22122 h\u22121 bar\u22121 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) retention remaining above 90%. These results suggest that SBA-15 may regulate the pore structure of PES membranes and improve apparent pore connectivity, thereby facilitating middle-molecule solute transport while maintaining high BSA retention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes16070250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:14:27Z","timestamp":1784621667000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fabrication of Ordered Mesoporous Silica\/Polyethersulfone Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Improved Removal of Middle-Molecule Toxins Within Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 9 Chongwen Road, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 9 Chongwen Road, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2800-8346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kangjian","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H., and Kang, S.H. 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