{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:34:44Z","timestamp":1778934884722,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1I1A3A01059201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1I1A3A01059201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1D1A3B07043473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1D1A3B07043473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A2C1003971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C1003971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alport Syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired kidney function. The development of a noninvasive tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of renal function during disease progression is of clinical importance. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI is an emerging technique that enables non-invasive, real-time measurement of in vivo metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using this technique for assessing changes in renal metabolism in the mouse model of AS. Mice with AS demonstrated a significant reduction in the level of lactate from 4- to 7-week-old, while the levels of lactate were unchanged in the control mice over time. This reduction in lactate production in the AS group accompanied a significant increase of PEPCK expression levels, indicating that the disease progression in AS triggered the gluconeogenic pathway and might have resulted in a decreased lactate pool size and a subsequent reduction in pyruvate-to-lactate conversion. Additional metabolic imaging parameters, including the level of lactate and pyruvate, were found to be different between the AS and control groups. These preliminary results suggest that hyperpolarized 13C MRI might provide a potential noninvasive tool for the characterization of disease progression in AS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11040222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T06:05:43Z","timestamp":1617689143000},"page":"222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In Vivo Assessment of Metabolic Abnormality in Alport Syndrome Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C] Pyruvate MR Spectroscopic Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4397-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen-Trong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun-Hui","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0899-1617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luu-Ngoc","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tien-Anh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilwoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-7431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Soo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"4p","article-title":"Alport\u2019s Syndrome: A Study of Systemic Manifestations","volume":"1","author":"Mahajan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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