{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:49:08Z","timestamp":1789663748671,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Endocore Research Associates, NZ","award":["60147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60147"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001518","name":"Maurice and Phyllis Paykel Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3627036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3627036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001518","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lottery Health New Zealand","award":["3626585; 3702766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3626585; 3702766"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018883","name":"Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9341-3622506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9341-3622506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lee Trust, NZ","award":["JXU058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXU058"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012744","name":"Oakley Mental Health Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3456030; 3627092; 3701339; 3703253; 3702870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3456030; 3627092; 3701339; 3703253; 3702870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation &amp; Employment, New Zealand","award":["UOAX0815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UOAX0815"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001543","name":"Neurological Foundation of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/L010445\/1 and MR\/L011093\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/L010445\/1 and MR\/L011093\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARUK-PPG2014B-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARUK-PPG2014B-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is an essential trace nutrient required for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). It has previously been shown that pantothenic acid is significantly decreased in multiple brain regions in both Alzheimer\u2019s disease (ADD) and Huntington\u2019s disease (HD). The current investigation aimed to determine whether similar changes are also present in cases of Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia (PDD), another age-related neurodegenerative condition, and whether such perturbations might occur in similar regions in these apparently different diseases. Brain tissue was obtained from nine confirmed cases of PDD and nine controls with a post-mortem delay of 26 h or less. Tissues were acquired from nine regions that show high, moderate, or low levels of neurodegeneration in PDD: the cerebellum, motor cortex, primary visual cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, middle temporal gyrus, medulla oblongata, cingulate gyrus, and pons. A targeted ultra\u2013high performance liquid chromatography\u2014tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS\/MS) approach was used to quantify pantothenic acid in these tissues. Pantothenic acid was significantly decreased in the cerebellum (p = 0.008), substantia nigra (p = 0.02), and medulla (p = 0.008) of PDD cases. These findings mirror the significant decreases in the cerebellum of both ADD and HD cases, as well as the substantia nigra, putamen, middle frontal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex of HD cases, and motor cortex, primary visual cortex, hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and entorhinal cortex of ADD cases. Taken together, these observations indicate a common but regionally selective disruption of pantothenic acid levels across PDD, ADD, and HD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11090569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T23:25:50Z","timestamp":1629933950000},"page":"569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Substantively Lowered Levels of Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) in Several Regions of the Human Brain in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Dementia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6810-0986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Scholefield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingshu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Patassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel M.","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7955-9111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard D.","family":"Unwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK"},{"name":"Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre & Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Citylabs 1.0 (Third Floor), Nelson Street, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garth J. S.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol. 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