{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:57:50Z","timestamp":1765486670417,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010787","name":"Genome Alberta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALGP 14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALGP 14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002715","name":"Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALGP 14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALGP 14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002715","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The retained placenta is a common pathology of dairy cows. It is associated with a significant drop in the dry matter intake, milk yield, and increased susceptibility of dairy cows to metritis, mastitis, and displaced abomasum. The objective of this study was to identify metabolic alterations that precede and are associated with the disease occurrence. Blood samples were collected from 100 dairy cows at \u22128 and \u22124 weeks prior to parturition and on the day of retained placenta, and only 16 healthy cows and 6 cows affected by retained placenta were selected to measure serum polar metabolites by a targeted gas chromatography\u2013mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) metabolomics approach. A total of 27 metabolites were identified and quantified in the serum. There were 10, 18, and 17 metabolites identified as being significantly altered during the three time periods studied. However, only nine metabolites were identified as being shared among the three time periods including five amino acids (Asp, Glu, Ser, Thr, and Tyr), one sugar (myo-inositol), phosphoric acid, and urea. The identified metabolites can be used as predictive biomarkers for the risk of retained placenta in dairy cows and might help explain the metabolic processes that occur prior to the incidence of the disease and throw light on the pathomechanisms of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11090633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T00:13:47Z","timestamp":1631924027000},"page":"633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Targeted Serum Metabolomics GC-MS Approach Identifies Predictive Blood Biomarkers for Retained Placenta in Holstein Dairy Cows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6557-4521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanshi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"},{"name":"Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2925-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawid","family":"Tobolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 14 Oczapowskiego str., 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1051-7591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Zwierzchowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 1a Oczapowskiego str., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rupasri","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Computer Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3207-2434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S.","family":"Wishart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Computer Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0957-9373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burim N.","family":"Ametaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)70142-0","article-title":"Recommendations for recording and calculating the incidence of selected clinical diseases of dairy cattle","volume":"81","author":"Kelton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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