{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:25:12Z","timestamp":1778858712305,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2015\/21890-0; #2017\/02739-4; #2018\/20637-7; #2019\/13937-7; #2019\/14803-4; #2019\/20558-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2015\/21890-0; #2017\/02739-4; #2018\/20637-7; #2019\/13937-7; #2019\/14803-4; #2019\/20558-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#302524\/2016-9; #301771\/2019-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#302524\/2016-9; #301771\/2019-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer cachexia occurs in up to 85% of advanced cancer patients, affecting different tissues and organs, mainly the liver, which plays a central role in body metabolism control. However, liver responses to cancer cachexia progression are still poorly understood. Considering the possible different challenges provided by the rodent\u2019s phase of life and the cachexia progression, we evaluated the liver metabolic alterations affected by Walker-256 tumour growth in weanling and young-adult rats. For this, we applied a metabolomics approach associated with protein and gene expression analyses. Higher amino acid levels and impaired glucose metabolism were important features in tumour-bearing animals\u2019 liver tissue. The weanling hosts had more pronounced cachexia, with higher carcass spoliation, liver lipid metabolism and impaired CII and CIV mitochondrial complexes. The liver alterations in young adult tumour-bearing rats were related to energy status and nucleotide metabolites, such as uridine, NAD+, xanthosine, hypoxanthine and inosine. In conclusion, the Walker-256 tumour-induced cachexia impaired liver metabolism, being more severe in the weanling hosts. Further studies are needed to correlate these changes in the preclinical model, which can be correlated to the clinical features of cancer cachexia, allowing for a translational potential involving the liver function and its responses to potential treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11120831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T02:40:02Z","timestamp":1638412802000},"page":"831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Walker-256 Tumour-Induced Cachexia Altered Liver Metabolomic Profile and Function in Weanling and Adult Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4446-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Angelo da Silva","family":"Miyaguti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7942-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela de Matuoka e","family":"Chiocchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3042-3787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla de Moraes","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leisa","family":"Lopes-Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5913-102X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lais Rosa","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Biology Department, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, 4900 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rog\u00e9rio Willians dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1713-756X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina Cintra","family":"Gomes-Marcondes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0123-0","article-title":"Inter-tissue communication in cancer cachexia","volume":"15","author":"Stemmler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: An international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201847258","article-title":"Energy metabolism in cachexia","volume":"20","author":"Rohm","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2016.3","article-title":"Understanding cachexia as a cancer metabolism syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Porporato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.02.003","article-title":"Cardiolipin content is involved in liver mitochondrial energy wasting associated with cancer-induced cachexia without the involvement of adenine nucleotide translocase","volume":"1842","author":"Julienne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01238-3","article-title":"Metabolic interrelationships between liver and skeletal muscle in pathological states","volume":"69","author":"Busquets","year":"2001","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e3283186be2","article-title":"Cachexia, survival and the acute phase response","volume":"2","author":"Stephens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2018.10.001","article-title":"Cancer Cachexia: More Than Skeletal Muscle Wasting","volume":"4","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.2013007736","article-title":"Metabolomic fingerprinting: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"41","author":"Kosmides","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.32","article-title":"Emerging applications of metabolomics in drug discovery and precision medicine","volume":"15","author":"Wishart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11708","article-title":"Metabolic phenotyping in clinical and surgical environments","volume":"491","author":"Nicholson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dmpk.2020.11.008","article-title":"Identification of biomarkers to diagnose diseases and find adverse drug reactions by metabolomics","volume":"37","author":"Saigusa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.12.022","article-title":"Omics\/systems biology and cancer cachexia","volume":"54","author":"Gallagher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000363","article-title":"Omics and cachexia","volume":"20","author":"Twelkmeyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyaguti, N.A.D.S., Stanisic, D., Oliveira, S.C.P.D., dos Santos, G.S., Manhe, B.S., Tasic, L., and Gomes-Marcondes, M.C.C. (2020). Serum and Muscle 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Profiles Reveal Metabolic Changes Influenced by a Maternal Leucine-Rich Diet in Tumor-Bearing Adult Offspring Rats. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072106"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viana, L.R., Canevarolo, R., Luiz, A.C.P., Soares, R.F., Lubaczeuski, C., Zeri, A.C.D.M., and Gomes-Marcondes, M.C.C. (2016). Leucine-rich diet alters the (1)H-NMR based metabolomic profile without changing the Walker-256 tumour mass in rats. BMC Cancer, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2811-2"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiocchetti, G.d.M.e., Lopes-Aguiar, L., Miyaguti, N.A.d.S., Viana, L.R., Salgado, C.D.M., Orvo\u00ebn, O.O., Florindo, D., dos Santos, R.W., and Cintra Gomes-Marcondes, M.C. (2021). A Time-Course Comparison of Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Alterations in Walker-256 Tumour-Bearing Rats at Different Stages of Life. Metabolites, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11060404"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12360","article-title":"Cachexia induced by cancer and chemotherapy yield distinct perturbations to energy metabolism","volume":"10","author":"Pin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12684","article-title":"Multi-compartment metabolomics and metagenomics reveal major hepatic and intestinal disturbances in cancer cachectic mice","volume":"12","author":"Thibaut","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R68","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00028.2019","article-title":"Tissue-specific dysregulation of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling control in colon-26 tumor-induced cachexia","volume":"317","author":"Halle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677216653984","article-title":"Does age matter? The impact of rodent age on study outcomes","volume":"51","author":"Jackson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1517\/17460440903483150","article-title":"The underestimated impact of cachexia","volume":"5","author":"Springer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-013-0124-8","article-title":"Cachexia vs obesity: Where is the real unmet clinical need?","volume":"4","author":"Anker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.27273","article-title":"A viscerally driven cachexia syndrome in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: Contributions of organ and tumor mass to whole-body energy demands","volume":"89","author":"Lieffers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2617-1619.2018.tb00003.x","article-title":"Leucine-rich diet minimises liver glycogen mobilisation and modulates liver gluconeogenesis enzyme expression in tumour-bearing cachectic rats","volume":"1","author":"Viana","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCSM Rapid Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2011.607540","article-title":"Chronic supplementation with shark liver oil for reducing tumor growth and cachexia in walker 256 tumor-bearing rats","volume":"63","author":"Iagher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.12.003","article-title":"Maternal nutritional supplementation with fish oil and\/or leucine improves hepatic function and antioxidant defenses, and minimises cachexia indexes in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats offspring","volume":"51","author":"Miyaguti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2015.1043021","article-title":"\u03b1-Linolenic Fatty Acid Supplementation Decreases Tumor Growth and Cachexia Parameters in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats","volume":"67","author":"Schiessel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130024","article-title":"Energy metabolism in the liver","volume":"4","author":"Rui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonetto, A., Aydogdu, T., Kunzevitzky, N., Guttridge, D.C., Khuri, S., Koniaris, L.G., and Zimmers, T.A. (2011). STAT3 activation in skeletal muscle links muscle wasting and the acute phase response in cancer cachexia. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022538"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59482","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10699","article-title":"Short-term pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate administration attenuates cachexia-induced alterations to muscle and liver in ApcMin\/+ mice","volume":"7","author":"Narsale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199404000-00001","article-title":"Cytokines, the acute-phase response, and resting energy expenditure in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer","volume":"219","author":"Falconer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.09.019","article-title":"The liver","volume":"27","author":"Trefts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000064","article-title":"Protein turnover, ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis","volume":"81","author":"Schutz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2013.46.12.248","article-title":"CREB and FoxO1: Two transcription factors for the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis","volume":"46","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narsale, A.A., Enos, R.T., Puppa, M.J., Chatterjee, S., Murphy, E.A., Fayad, R., Pena, M.O., Durstine, J.L., and Carson, J.A. (2015). Liver inflammation and metabolic signaling in ApcMin\/+ mice: The role of cachexia progression. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119888"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.12.005","article-title":"Betaine is a positive regulator of mitochondrial respiration","volume":"456","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-010-9088-4","article-title":"Choline and betaine in health and disease","volume":"34","author":"Ueland","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0518","article-title":"Metabolic crosstalk between choline\/1-carbon metabolism and energy homeostasis","volume":"51","author":"Zeisel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00124.2019","article-title":"Hepatic proteome analysis reveals altered mitochondrial metabolism and suppressed acyl-CoA synthetase-1 in colon-26 tumor-induced cachexia","volume":"52","author":"Khamoui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Genom."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.03.019","article-title":"FGF15\/19 regulates hepatic glucose metabolism by inhibiting the CREB-PGC-1 \u03b1 Pathway","volume":"13","author":"Potthoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.09.023","article-title":"Liver lipid metabolism disruption in cancer cachexia is aggravated by cla supplementation -induced inflammation","volume":"38","author":"Lira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1067","article-title":"Nicotinuric acid: A potential marker of metabolic syndrome through a metabolomics-based approach","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-019-1516-3","article-title":"Metabolic signatures suggest o-phosphocholine to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine ratio as a potential biomarker for high-glucose and\/or palmitate exposure in pancreatic \u03b2-cells","volume":"15","author":"Yousf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.10.039","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of PPAR\u03b1 action and its impact on lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"62","author":"Pawlak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310798","article-title":"Liver PPAR\u03b1 is crucial for whole-body fatty acid homeostasis and is protective against NAFLD","volume":"65","author":"Montagner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19820048","article-title":"Purine and pyrimidine metabolism","volume":"41","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"3092","article-title":"Effect of Ischemia on Nucleosides and Bases in Rat Liver and Hepatoma 3924A","volume":"47","author":"Pillwein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.10.025","article-title":"Men and mice: Relating their ages","volume":"152","author":"Dutta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602425","article-title":"Trends in UK cancer trials: Results from the UK Coordinating Committee for Cancer Research National Register of Cancer Trials","volume":"92","author":"Vale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21798","article-title":"Time course of skeletal muscle loss and oxidative stress in rats with walker 256 solid tumor","volume":"42","author":"Guarnier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(57)03345-5","article-title":"Chemical procedures for analysis of polysaccharides","volume":"3","author":"Hassid","year":"1957","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2001000300006","article-title":"Effect of a leucine-supplemented diet on body composition changes in pregnant rats bearing Walker 256 tumor","volume":"34","author":"Ventrucci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.740","article-title":"A comparison of cell and tissue extraction techniques using high-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy","volume":"15","author":"Harris","year":"2002","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."}],"container-title":["Metabolites"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/11\/12\/831\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:38:37Z","timestamp":1760168317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/11\/12\/831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["metabo11120831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo11120831","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-1989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-1989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}}}