{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:49:55Z","timestamp":1788742195038,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme","award":["813781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["813781"]}]},{"name":"European Union Horizon 2020","award":["874739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874739"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sterols, bile acids, and acylcarnitines are key players in human metabolism. Precise annotations of these metabolites with mass spectrometry analytics are challenging because of the presence of several isomers and stereoisomers, variability in ionization, and their relatively low concentrations in biological samples. Herein, we present a sensitive and simple qualitative LC\u2013MS\/MS (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) method by utilizing a set of pure chemical standards to facilitate the identification and distribution of sterols, bile acids, and acylcarnitines in biological samples including human stool and plasma; mouse ileum, cecum, jejunum content, duodenum content, and liver; and pig bile, proximal colon, cecum, heart, stool, and liver. With this method, we detected 24 sterol, 32 bile acid, and 27 acylcarnitine standards in one analysis that were separated within 13 min by reversed-phase chromatography. Further, we observed different sterol, bile acid, and acylcarnitine profiles for the different biological samples across the different species. The simultaneous detection and annotation of sterols, bile acids, and acylcarnitines from reference standards and biological samples with high precision represents a valuable tool for screening these metabolites in routine scientific research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12010049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1641769575000},"page":"49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Identification and Distribution of Sterols, Bile Acids, and Acylcarnitines by LC\u2013MS\/MS in Humans, Mice, and Pigs\u2014A Qualitative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5698-1707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ambrin Farizah","family":"Babu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1587-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ville Mikael","family":"Koistinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soile","family":"Turunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1975-7102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Solano-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Joseph F.","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9560-2631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Zarei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kati","family":"Hanhineva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Afekta Technologies Ltd., Yliopistonranta 1L, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2018.04.029","article-title":"Gut metabolome meets microbiome: A methodological perspective to understand the relationship between host and microbe","volume":"149","author":"Lamichhane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00185","article-title":"Intestinal Bacteria Interplay With Bile and Cholesterol Metabolism: Implications on Host Physiology","volume":"10","author":"Molinero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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