{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:53:03Z","timestamp":1767207183489,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in homeostasis of the brain. We previously demonstrated that major CSF proteins such as lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) and transferrin (Tf) that are biosynthesized in the brain could be biomarkers of altered CSF production. Here we report that the levels of these brain-derived CSF proteins correlated well with each other across various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). In addition, protein levels tended to be increased in the CSF samples of AD patients compared with the other diseases. Patients at memory clinics were classified into three categories, consisting of AD (n = 61), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 42), and cognitively normal (CN) (n = 23), with MMSE scores of 20.4 \u00b1 4.2, 26.9 \u00b1 1.7, and 29.0 \u00b1 1.6, respectively. In each category, CSF protein levels were highly correlated with each other. In CN subjects, increased CSF protein levels correlated well with those of AD markers, including amyloid-\u03b2 and tau protein, whereas in MCI and AD subjects, correlations declined with AD markers except p-tau. Future follow-up on each clinical subject may provide a clue that the CSF proteins would be AD-related biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12040355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T01:03:01Z","timestamp":1650330181000},"page":"355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High Correlation among Brain-Derived Major Protein Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Implication for Amyloid-Beta and Tau Protein Changes in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kyoka","family":"Hoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Kanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3913-2292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsunari","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9042-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takenobu","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Ugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7927-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9659-9251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takaomi C.","family":"Saido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0100-5439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Glyocobiology Team, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Miyajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsutoshi","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005","article-title":"The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"McKhann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers 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Alzheimers Dis."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13060685","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000}}],"container-title":["Metabolites"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/12\/4\/355\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T14:20:43Z","timestamp":1754230843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/12\/4\/355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["metabo12040355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo12040355","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-1989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-1989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]}}}