{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T05:59:48Z","timestamp":1778392788382,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Legionella spp. cause Legionnaires\u2019 disease with pneumonia as the predominant clinical symptom. L. gormanii is the second most prevalent causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia after L. pneumophila. The study aimed to characterize the lipidome of L. gormanii membranes and the importance of these analyses in bacterial chemotaxonomy. Lipidomic analyses based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed the detection of individual molecular species of a wide range of L. gormanii membrane lipids contained in the outer (OM) and inner membranes (IM). The lipid profile comprised glycerolipids (triglycerides, diglycerides), phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin), and sphingolipids (ceramides, hexosylceramides). The most abundant lipid fraction in the IM and OM were phospholipids. The lipidomic analysis showed that two independent phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis pathways operating in L. gormanii: the PE-methylation (PmtA) pathway and the PC synthase (Pcs) pathway. Comparison of the molecular profile of PC species contained in the lipids of L. gormanii membranes cultured on the medium, with and without exogenous choline, showed quantitative differences in the PC pool. An unusual feature of the L. gormanii lipids was the presence of ceramides and hexosylceramides, which are typical components of eukaryotic cells and a very small group of bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of ceramides in Legionella bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12050418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T21:31:20Z","timestamp":1652045480000},"page":"418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Unusual Lipid Components of Legionella gormanii Membranes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Chmiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina E.","family":"Galuska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Metabolomics, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0386-3544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Koper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Kowalczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5164-7272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Urbanik-Sypniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Palusi\u0144ska-Szysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Metabolomics, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.506-526.2002","article-title":"Legionella and Legionnaires\u2019 disease: 25 years of investigation","volume":"15","author":"Fields","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. 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