{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:59:03Z","timestamp":1791583143900,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deputyship for Research &amp; Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia","award":["MoE-IF-20-02\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MoE-IF-20-02\/11"]}]},{"name":"Deputyship for Research &amp; Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia","award":["4447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4447"]}]},{"name":"KAUST and Smart Health Initiative","award":["MoE-IF-20-02\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MoE-IF-20-02\/11"]}]},{"name":"KAUST and Smart Health Initiative","award":["4447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4447"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ephedra foeminea is a traditional medicinal plant used in the Eastern Mediterranean region. This study aims to investigate the chemical profiles of different solvent extracts of E. foeminea via an untargeted metabolomics approach, alongside determining their antioxidant capacities. E. foeminea samples collected from Jordan were macerated in solvents of varying polarities; dichloromethane\/methanol, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone. The crude extracts were subjected to comprehensive chemical profiling and metabolomics study using Gas chromatography\u2013Mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS), Liquid chromatography\u2013Mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The obtained data were analyzed using Venn diagrams, Principle Component Analysis (PCA), and Metabolite Enrichment Set Analysis (MESA). ABTS assay was performed to measure the crude extracts\u2019 antioxidant activity. MESA revealed the dominant chemical groups as amino acids, fatty acids, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates. Results indicated that dichloromethane\/methanol and methanolic extracts had the most distinct composition as well as the most unique compounds. The methanolic extract had the most potency (IC50 249.6 \u00b5g\/mL) in the ABTS assay. However, no significant differences were found. In conclusion, solvents influenced the recovery of metabolites in E. foeminea and the antioxidant activity of the E. foeminea methanolic extract could be correlated to the abundant presence of diverse bioactive compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12050451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T03:20:43Z","timestamp":1652844043000},"page":"451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling and Antioxidant Capacities of Different Solvent Crude Extracts of Ephedra foeminea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1288-6916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruba","family":"Al-Nemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arwa A.","family":"Makki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Sawalha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Al Quds University, P.O. Box 51000, Jerusalem 9103401, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3901-1172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Hajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Jaremko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 4700, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sher, A.A., Iqbal, A., Muhammad, N., Badshah, S.L., Emwas, A.-H., and Jaremko, M. (2022). Prokinetic and Laxative Effects of Chrozophora tinctoria Whole Plant Extract. 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