{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:49:44Z","timestamp":1791773384176,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron deficiency is one of the most prevalent nutritional disorders worldwide. The standard treatment involves iron supplementation, but this task is challenging because of poor solubility and organoleptic issues. Moreover, the need to increase iron bioavailability represents a challenge for treating iron-related disorders. In this study, gastroresistance and iron intestinal absorption of an innovative granular formulation composed of ferric pyrophosphate, modified starch and phospholipids branded as Ferro Fosfosoma\u00ae was investigated. Gastroresistant properties were studied using standard protocols, and a bioaccessible fraction was obtained by exposing a food supplement to in vitro digestion. This fraction was used for investigating iron absorption in Caco-2 and human follicle-associated intestinal epithelium (FAE) models. Ferro Fosfosoma\u00ae showed an improved resistance to gastric digestion and higher intestinal absorption than ferric pyrophosphate salt used as a control in both models. In the FAE model, Ferro Fosfosoma\u00ae induces larger iron absorption than in the Caco-2 monolayer, most likely due to the transcytosis ability of M cells. The larger iron absorption in the Ferro Fosfosoma\u00ae-treated FAE model corresponds to higher ferritin level, proving physiological iron handling that was once delivered by granular formulation. Finally, the formulation did not induce any alterations in viability and barrier integrity. To conclude, Ferro Fosfosoma\u00ae favors iron absorption and ferritin expression, while preserving any adverse effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12050463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T09:18:08Z","timestamp":1653124688000},"page":"463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Intestinal Absorption Study of a Granular Form of Ferric Pyrophosphate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4911-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Micheletto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Gaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3514-3004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Tedesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Maira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Mantovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Zanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1448-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Pastore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1264-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Roverso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Favaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6491-4715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Benetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECSIN-European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, ECAMRICERT SRL, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, April 04). 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