{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:56:23Z","timestamp":1778637383870,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Okinawa remote islands as part of the 2017\u20132020 KDH"},{"name":"Taiju Life Social Welfare Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Evidence has accumulated regarding the etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify which subjectively and objectively measured voiding parameters were associated with obesity in a community-based population. (2) Methods: Voiding parameters on a self-administered questionnaire and a digital self-health monitoring system for urine excretion (s-HMSU) were compared between participants with and without obesity, defined as a body mass index \u2265 25 kg\/m2 (n = 30 and 29, respectively), from a community in Okinawa, Japan. Logistic regression analysis was employed to calculate the odds ratios of abnormalities in voiding parameters for the obese group, with the non-obese group serving as a reference. (3) Results: The obese group had odds ratios of 5.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.33\u201320.0) for shortened hours of undisturbed sleep (&lt;302 min) by s-HMSU and 7.65 (1.88\u201331.1) for nighttime urinary frequency by a questionnaire after adjusting for age and sex. In addition, the obese group had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.27 (0.76\u20136.78) for decreased maximum bladder capacity (&lt;212 mL) by s-HMSU. (4) Conclusion: the results of the present study suggest that nocturia and shortened hours of undisturbed sleep are signs of obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12050468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T02:57:02Z","timestamp":1653274622000},"page":"468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Obesity and Voiding Parameters in a Community-Based Population of Okinawa, Japan: Kumejima Digital Health Project (KDHP)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7064-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asuka","family":"Ashikari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3669-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minoru","family":"Miyazato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8141-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koshi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoto","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takehiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsugumi","family":"Uema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0002-0904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moriyuki","family":"Uehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2445-1047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Masuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiichi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.05.093","article-title":"Impact of nocturia on bone fracture and mortality in older individuals: A Japanese longitudinal cohort study","volume":"184","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10806.x","article-title":"Nocturia is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and death","volume":"110","author":"Lightner","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.09.108","article-title":"Association of nocturia and mortality: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"185","author":"Kupelian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2015.43","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome, inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms: Possible translational links","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2007.07.001","article-title":"Nocturia and overactive bladder in obese women: A case-control study","volume":"1","author":"Melin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obes. Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09763.x","article-title":"Nocturia as a manifestation of systemic disease","volume":"107","author":"Gulur","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802881","article-title":"Association between markers of the metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)","volume":"29","author":"Rohrmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12518","article-title":"Is there a link between overactive bladder and the metabolic syndrome in women? A systematic review of observational studies","volume":"69","author":"Bunn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.07.007","article-title":"Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Gacci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2011.02956.x","article-title":"Correlates for nocturia: A review of epidemiological studies","volume":"19","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2011.10.007","article-title":"Nocturia in older men","volume":"71","author":"Bosch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01789-2","article-title":"Nocturnal polyuria versus overactive bladder in nocturia","volume":"60","author":"Weiss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23965","article-title":"Validation of a novel digital health monitoring system to measure the volume of voided urine","volume":"38","author":"Miyazato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-021-02867-x","article-title":"Effect of a mobile digital intervention to enhance physical activity in individuals with metabolic disorders on voiding patterns measured by 24-h voided volume monitoring system: Kumejima Digital Health Project (KDHP)","volume":"53","author":"Miyazato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.03.028","article-title":"A clinical investigation of nocturnal polyuria in patients with nocturia: A diurnal variation in arginine vasopressin secretion and its relevance to mean blood pressure","volume":"176","author":"Natsume","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64472-2","article-title":"Normal values and determinants of circadian urine production in older men: A population based study","volume":"168","author":"Blanker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22936","article-title":"Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on nocturnal urine production in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Miyazato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"O98","article-title":"Relationship between nocturnal polyuria and non-dipping blood pressure in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms","volume":"11","author":"Takayama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Low Urin Tract. Symptoms"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.47","article-title":"Salt sensitivity and circadian rhythm of blood pressure: The keys to connect CKD with cardiovascular events","volume":"33","author":"Kimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.12.008","article-title":"Efficacy of fesoterodine on nocturia and quality of sleep in Asian patients with overactive bladder","volume":"83","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.01.008","article-title":"Slow-wave sleep: From the cell to the clinic","volume":"41","author":"Leger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9056(05)80003-X","article-title":"The physiology of sleep and the impact of ageing","volume":"3","author":"Stanley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2017003","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2017003","article-title":"The criteria for metabolic syndrome and the national health screening and education system in Japan","volume":"39","author":"Yamagishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Health"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.08.080","article-title":"The natural history and predictive factors of voided volume in older men: The Krimpen Study","volume":"185","author":"Kok","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02608.x","article-title":"Nocturnal polyuria in older people: Pathophysiology and clinical implications","volume":"48","author":"Miller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F909","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00511.2015","article-title":"Effect of type II diabetes on male rat bladder contractility","volume":"310","author":"Kendig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21191","article-title":"Increased bladder activity is associated with elevated oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines in a rat model of atherosclerosis-induced chronic bladder ischemia","volume":"31","author":"Nomiya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.07.023","article-title":"Effects of ischemia and oxidative stress on bladder purinoceptors expression","volume":"84","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10814.x","article-title":"Effect of silodosin on detrusor overactivity in the male spontaneously hypertensive rat","volume":"110","author":"Inoue","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1998.0820s1026.x","article-title":"Age-related erectile and voiding dysfunction: The role of arterial insufficiency","volume":"82","author":"Tarcan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S245829","article-title":"Metabolic Syndrome for Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality Among General Japanese People: A Mini Review","volume":"16","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2002). The Examination Committee of Criteria for \u2019Obesity Disease\u2019 in Japan and J.S.f.t.S.o. Obesity, New Criteria for \u2018Obesity Disease\u2019 in Japan. Circ. J., 66, 987\u2013992.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.66.987"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"S-324","article-title":"Reliability and validity of quick inventory of depressive symptomatology Japanese version","volume":"2008","author":"Fujisawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.11.002","article-title":"Effect of the continuous positive airway pressure on the nocturnal urine volume or night-time frequency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Miyauchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["Metabolites"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/12\/5\/468\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:16:37Z","timestamp":1760138197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/12\/5\/468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["metabo12050468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo12050468","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-1989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-1989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]}}}