{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T11:16:14Z","timestamp":1784114174261,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education, in Saudi Arabia","award":["375213500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["375213500"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study was conducted with an intent to evaluate the protective effect of butanolic fraction of Delphinium brunonianum on fructose mediated metabolic abnormalities in rats. Rats in all groups except control group were fed on 10% fructose for 6 weeks; however, rats in the treated group also received butanolic fraction for the last 3 weeks, along with the fructose. Moreover, phytoconstituents present in butanolic fraction were analyzed using LC-MS. All doses of butanolic fraction profoundly reduce the fructose-induced blood pressure, sympathetic over-activity, and weight gain. Furthermore, butanolic fraction prominently reduces the glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia in fructose-fed rats. On treatment with butanolic fraction, oxidative enzymes and the functionality of the aorta was also restored. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several active constituents including bergenin, scopolin, rutinoside, kaempferol, coumaric acid, apigenin, and gingerol. In conclusion, butanolic fraction of Delphinium brunonianum has the potential to prevent and recover the fructose-induced metabolic perturbations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12060481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T01:40:45Z","timestamp":1653702045000},"page":"481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Protective Effect of Butanolic Fraction of Delphinium brunonianum on Fructose-Mediated Metabolic Alterations in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8125-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Nasir Abbas","family":"Bukhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3027-4518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hira","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahore Pharmacy College, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore 54850, Pakistan"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4775-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Alamgeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 05422, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1910-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mulazim Hussain","family":"Asim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafiz","family":"Muhammad Irfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6185-2042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Ejaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mervat A.","family":"Elsherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5328-4105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kashaf","family":"Junaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1139\/h06-101","article-title":"Nutritional strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Feldeisen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2018.05.006","article-title":"TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism modulates the effect of artichoke leaf extract supplementation on insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Rezazadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.01.017","article-title":"Diuretic activity of some Smilax canariensis fractions","volume":"140","author":"Abdala","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.3.1120S","article-title":"Global harmonization of herbal health claims","volume":"131","author":"Mahady","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"35","article-title":"Herbal medicine","volume":"78","author":"Kamboj","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Samuelsson, G., and Bohlin, L. (2017). Drugs of Natural Origin: A Treatise of Pharmacognosy, CRC Press Inc."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"42","article-title":"Medicinal and aromatic plants in the Nepal Himalaya: Status, use, sale and Conservation","volume":"1","author":"Ghimire","year":"1999","journal-title":"Wildlife"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3126\/njst.v12i0.6488","article-title":"An assessment of ethnomedicinal use, chemical constituents analysis and bioactivity evaluation on high altitude medicinal plant Delphinium brunonianum of Manang district","volume":"12","author":"Tripathee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nepal J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"4","article-title":"Secondary Metabolite Studies of Some Selected Plants of District Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1833","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and reappraisal of diuretic activity of Delphinium brunonianum Royle and its mode of action in experimental rats","volume":"33","author":"Asif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"2982","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis of crude extract of Delphinium brunonianum and its effect on hypertension and metabolic perturbations in fructose fed rats","volume":"5","author":"Asif","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00301-5","article-title":"Sympathectomy prevents fructose-induced hyperinsulinemia and hypertension","volume":"373","author":"Verma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-009-0184-4","article-title":"The fructose-fed rat: A review on the mechanisms of fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension","volume":"332","author":"Tran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2003.07.011","article-title":"The effects of allicin on weight in fructose-induced hyperinsulinemic, hyperlipidemic, hypertensive rats","volume":"16","author":"Elkayam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"181","article-title":"Antidiabetic effect of hydroalcholic Urtica dioica leaf extract in male rats with fructose-induced insulin resistance","volume":"37","author":"Ahangarpour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00218-5","article-title":"Treatment with extracts of Momordica charantia and Eugenia jambolana prevents hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in fructose fed rats","volume":"76","author":"Vikrant","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00229-X","article-title":"Effects of the aqueous and methylene chloride extracts of Bidens pilosa leaf on fructose-hypertensive rats","volume":"76","author":"Dimo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(02)00162-9","article-title":"Leaf methanol extract of Bidens pilosa prevents and attenuates the hypertension induced by high-fructose diet in Wistar rats","volume":"83","author":"Dimo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199715011-00004","article-title":"Experimental benefit of moxonidine on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in the fructose-fed rat","volume":"15","author":"Ohly","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.098020","article-title":"Dietary fructose and metabolic syndrome and diabetes","volume":"139","author":"Bantle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4054-0","article-title":"Role of dietary fructose and hepatic de novo lipogenesis in fatty liver disease","volume":"61","author":"Softic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C954","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.4.C954","article-title":"Effect of antioxidant protection by p-coumaric acid on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol oxidation","volume":"279","author":"Zang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0019","article-title":"Hypothesis: Fructose-induced hyperuricemia as a causal mechanism for the epidemic of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2012.05.009","article-title":"Hyperuricemia and hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Feig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00273.x","article-title":"Hyperuricemia induces endothelial dysfunction","volume":"67","author":"Khosla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200500301712","article-title":"Antidiabetic effect of Anacardium occidentale. Stem-bark in fructose-diabetic rats","volume":"43","author":"Olatunji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_241.x","article-title":"Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effect of rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats","volume":"98","author":"Kamalakkannan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F423","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00124.2006","article-title":"Fructose-induced metabolic syndrome is associated with glomerular hypertension and renal microvascular damage in rats","volume":"292","author":"Tapia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.02.013","article-title":"Caffeine attenuates metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obese rats","volume":"28","author":"Panchal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(95)00392-4","article-title":"Defective endothelium-dependent relaxation in fructose-hypertensive rats","volume":"9","author":"Verma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-003-0019-8","article-title":"Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Deedwania","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00269-0","article-title":"How does ascorbic acid prevent endothelial dysfunction?","volume":"28","author":"May","year":"2000","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.01.002","article-title":"Apigenin and naringenin regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and ameliorate vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"773","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Vanhoutte, P. (2003, January 19\u201323). Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. Proceedings of the Southeast Asian-Western Pacific Regional Meeting of Pharmacologists, Busan, Korea."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2011.09.017","article-title":"High-sugar intake does not exacerbate metabolic abnormalities or cardiac dysfunction in genetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"28","author":"Hecker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25342","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25342","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibition of Rac1-derived reactive oxygen species by AMPK decreases blood pressure in a fructose-induced rat model of hypertension","volume":"6","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9798","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0620719","article-title":"Distinctive antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of flavonols","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(03)00214-7","article-title":"Influence of p-coumaric acid on doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress in rat\u2019s heart","volume":"48","author":"Helal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1021\/np030513u","article-title":"Hypoglycemic Effect and Antioxidant Potential of Kaempferol-3, 7-O-(\u03b1)-dirhamnoside from Bauhinia f orficata Leaves","volume":"67","author":"Zanatta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(02)00145-0","article-title":"Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of ascorbic acid and gallic acid","volume":"79","author":"Yen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.04.029","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives from the roots of Dipsacus asper Wall","volume":"108","author":"Hung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051925","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1051925","article-title":"Antioxidant and antiplasmodial activities of bergenin and 11-O-galloylbergenin isolated from Mallotus philippensis","volume":"2016","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2008.0735","article-title":"DNA adducts with antioxidant flavonoids: Morin, apigenin, and naringin","volume":"27","author":"Nafisi","year":"2008","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2017.05.007","article-title":"Beneficiary effect of Commiphora mukul ethanolic extract against high fructose diet induced abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in wistar rats","volume":"8","author":"Bellamkonda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complementary Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.07.006","article-title":"Hypotensive and diuretic effect of the butanolic soluble fraction of the hydroethanolic extract of bark of Scutia buxifolia Reissek in rats","volume":"172","author":"Crestani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.08.008","article-title":"Effect of Solanum torvum on blood pressure and metabolic alterations in fructose hypertensive rats","volume":"126","author":"Mohan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.03.047","article-title":"Whole sorghum flour improves glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and preserved pancreatic islets function in obesity diet-induced rats","volume":"45","author":"Moraes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.12.005","article-title":"Cardioprotective effect of Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. on blood pressure and metabolic alterations in glucose-induced metabolic syndrome rats\u2013An ethnopharmacological approach","volume":"214","author":"Younis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maneesai, P., Bunbupha, S., Kukongviriyapan, U., Prachaney, P., Tangsucharit, P., Kukongviriyapan, V., and Pakdeechote, P. (2016). Asiatic acid attenuates renin-angiotensin system activation and improves vascular function in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet fed rats. BMC Complementary Altern. Med., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1100-6"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016","article-title":"Biological, chemical and toxicological perspectives on aerial and roots of Filago germanica (L.) huds: Functional approaches for novel phyto-pharmaceuticals","volume":"123","author":"Saleem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Metabolites"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/12\/6\/481\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:18:58Z","timestamp":1760138338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/12\/6\/481"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["metabo12060481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo12060481","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-1989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-1989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]}}}