{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:10:50Z","timestamp":1774926650543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Sichuan Drug Addiction Treatment Administration","award":["XLZT-19FFC040002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLZT-19FFC040002"]}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Drug Addiction Treatment Administration","award":["21XJA890001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21XJA890001"]}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Drug Addiction Treatment Administration","award":["2022045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022045"]}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Drug Addiction Treatment Administration","award":["2022-A038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-A038"]}]},{"name":"the Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education","award":["XLZT-19FFC040002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLZT-19FFC040002"]}]},{"name":"the Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education","award":["21XJA890001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21XJA890001"]}]},{"name":"the Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education","award":["2022045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022045"]}]},{"name":"the Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education","award":["2022-A038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-A038"]}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Science and Technology Innovation Sowers Project","award":["XLZT-19FFC040002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLZT-19FFC040002"]}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Science and Technology Innovation Sowers Project","award":["21XJA890001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21XJA890001"]}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Science and Technology Innovation Sowers Project","award":["2022045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022045"]}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Science and Technology Innovation Sowers Project","award":["2022-A038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-A038"]}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine","award":["XLZT-19FFC040002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLZT-19FFC040002"]}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine","award":["21XJA890001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21XJA890001"]}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine","award":["2022045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022045"]}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine","award":["2022-A038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-A038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Physical exercise is effective in enhancing cognitive function, reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms, reducing cravings, and improving quality of life in methamphetamine (METH) addiction. However, little is known about the effect of exercise on metabolic profiles. We performed LC\/MS-based targeted metabolic profiling on serum samples to investigate the metabolic characteristics of METH dependence and find the differences between METH-dependent individuals and nonusers and evaluated the metabolomic profiles of individuals with METH dependence following aerobic exercise training. We identified a total of 201 metabolites, among which 115 were differentially expressed under METH use. Among the differentially regulated metabolites, 72 were selected as potential biomarkers. Further analysis identified 19 pathways, among which glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; and citrate cycle were most significantly affected by METH. The aerobic exercise intervention differentially regulated 55 metabolites, of which 51 were selected as potential biomarkers and were mainly enriched in 10 pathways. Interestingly, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and nitrogen metabolism were the remarkably affected pathways. Furthermore, METH increased the serum levels of glutamate and decreased GABA, whereas exercise decreased the serum levels of glutamate and increased GABA. Results suggested that METH dependency disturbed normal metabolic homeostasis, whereas exercise restored metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12070606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T22:43:28Z","timestamp":1656542608000},"page":"606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Exercise Regulates the Metabolic Homeostasis of Methamphetamine Dependence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kefeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanle","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5704-968X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jisheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Central CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/35053570","article-title":"Molecular basis of long-term plasticity underlying addiction","volume":"2","author":"Nestler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. 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