{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T23:38:11Z","timestamp":1785368291597,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011929","name":"Alabama Cattlemen\u2019s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF-NIA19-0000000048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF-NIA19-0000000048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011929","name":"Alabama Cattlemen\u2019s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["USDA-58-6010-1-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USDA-58-6010-1-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"USDA\u2014Agricultural Research Service","award":["FF-NIA19-0000000048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF-NIA19-0000000048"]}]},{"name":"USDA\u2014Agricultural Research Service","award":["USDA-58-6010-1-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USDA-58-6010-1-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reproductive failure remains a significant challenge to the beef industry. The omics technologies have provided opportunities to improve reproductive efficiency. We used a multistaged analysis from blood profiles to integrate metabolome (plasma) and transcriptome (peripheral white blood cells) in beef heifers. We used untargeted metabolomics and RNA-Seq paired data from six AI-pregnant (AI-P) and six nonpregnant (NP) Angus-Simmental crossbred heifers at artificial insemination (AI). Based on network co-expression analysis, we identified 17 and 37 hub genes in the AI-P and NP groups, respectively. Further, we identified TGM2, TMEM51, TAC3, NDRG4, and PDGFB as more connected in the NP heifers\u2019 network. The NP gene network showed a connectivity gain due to the rewiring of major regulators. The metabolomic analysis identified 18 and 15 hub metabolites in the AI-P and NP networks. Tryptophan and allantoic acid exhibited a connectivity gain in the NP and AI-P networks, respectively. The gene\u2013metabolite integration identified tocopherol-a as positively correlated with ENSBTAG00000009943 in the AI-P group. Conversely, tocopherol-a was negatively correlated in the NP group with EXOSC2, TRNAUIAP, and SNX12. In the NP group, \u03b1-ketoglutarate-SMG8 and putrescine-HSD17B13 were positively correlated, whereas a-ketoglutarate-ALAS2 and tryptophan-MTMR1 were negatively correlated. These multiple interactions identified novel targets and pathways underlying fertility in bovines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12080708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T02:06:42Z","timestamp":1659319602000},"page":"708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Co-Expression Network and Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Uncovers Biological Pathways for Fertility in Beef Heifers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5054-3095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priyanka","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soren P.","family":"Rodning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1082-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wellison J. S.","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Dyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-020-00503-9","article-title":"Beef Heifer Fertility: Importance of Management Practices and Technological Advancements","volume":"11","author":"Moorey","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hindman, M.S., and Engelken, T.J. (2021). Beef Heifer Development. 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