{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:31:20Z","timestamp":1791919880236,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ulster University Strategic Research Funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the numerous adverse effects of synthetic drugs, researchers are currently studying traditional medicinal plants to find alternatives for diabetes treatment. Eucalyptus citriodora is known to be used as a remedy for various illnesses, including diabetes. This study aimed to explore the effects of ethanol extract of Eucalyptus citriodora (EEEC) on in vitro and in vivo systems, including the mechanism\/s of action. The methodology used involved the measurement of insulin secretion from clonal pancreatic \u03b2-cells, BRIN BD11, and mouse islets. Other in vitro systems further examined EEEC\u2019s glucose-lowering properties. Obese rats fed a high-fat-fed diet (HFF) were selected for in vivo evaluation, and phytoconstituents were detected via RP-HPLC followed by LC-MS. EEEC induced insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner with modulatory effects, similar to 1 \u00b5M glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which were partly declined in the presence of Ca2+-channel blocker (Verapamil), KATP-channel opener (Diazoxide), and Ca2+ chelation. The insulin secretory effects of EEEC were augmented by isobutyl methylxanthine (IBMX), which persisted in the context of tolbutamide or a depolarizing concentration of KCl. EEEC enhanced insulin action in 3T3-L1 cells and reduced glucose absorption, and protein glycation in vitro. In HFF rats, it improved glucose tolerance and plasma insulin, attenuated plasma DPP-IV, and induced active GLP-1 (7-36) levels in circulation. Rhodomyrtosone B, Quercetin-3-O-\u03b2-D-glucopyranoside, rhodomyrtosone E, and quercitroside were identified as possible phytoconstituents that may be responsible for EEEC effects. Thus, these findings revealed that E. citriodora could be used as an adjunct nutritional supplement to manage type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12080757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T22:53:30Z","timestamp":1660776810000},"page":"757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Insulin Secretory Actions of Ethanol Extract of Eucalyptus citriodora Leaf, including Plasma DPP-IV and GLP-1 Levels in High-Fat-Fed Rats, as Well as Characterization of Biologically Effective Phytoconstituents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9474-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prawej","family":"Ansari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1179-3072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samara T.","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3991-3419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasser H. A.","family":"Abdel-Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.090495","article-title":"Income-related differences in mortality among people with diabetes mellitus","volume":"182","author":"Lipscombe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"373","article-title":"Effect of Shilajit on blood glucose and lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats","volume":"36","author":"Trivedi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J. 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