{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:08:44Z","timestamp":1789427324610,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]],"date-time":"2022-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Oklahoma","award":["625810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["625810"]}]},{"name":"Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship","award":["625810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["625810"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, National Institutes of Health","award":["625810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["625810"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","award":["625810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["625810"]}]},{"name":"University of Oklahoma Libraries\u2019 Open Access Fund","award":["625810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["625810"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmania is an intracellular parasite with different species pathogenic to humans and causing the disease leishmaniasis. Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) that manifests as hepatosplenomegaly, fever, pancytopenia and hypergammaglobulinemia. If left without treatment, VL can cause death, especially in immunocompromised people. Current treatments have often significant adverse effects, and resistance has been reported in some countries. Determining the metabolites perturbed during VL can lead us to find new treatments targeting disease pathogenesis. We therefore compared metabolic perturbation between L. donovani-infected and uninfected hamsters across organs (spleen, liver, and gut). Metabolites were extracted, analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and processed with MZmine and molecular networking to annotate metabolites. We found few metabolites commonly impacted by infection across all three sites, including glycerophospholipids, ceramides, acylcarnitines, peptides, purines and amino acids. In accordance with VL symptoms and parasite tropism, we found a greater overlap of perturbed metabolites between spleen and liver compared to spleen and gut, or liver and gut. Targeting pathways related to these metabolite families would be the next focus that can lead us to find more effective treatments for VL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12090802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T03:34:56Z","timestamp":1661744096000},"page":"802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of Visceral Leishmaniasis on Local Organ Metabolism in Hamsters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mahbobeh","family":"Lesani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camil","family":"Gosmanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Paun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9540-3280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1243-8953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura-Isobel","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA"},{"name":"Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvar, J., V\u00e9lez, I.D., Bern, C., Herrero, M., Desjeux, P., Cano, J., Jannin, J., den Boer, M., and Team, W.H.O.L.C. 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