{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T18:01:36Z","timestamp":1762624896808,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FP7-HEALTH-DORIAN project","award":["GA #278603","INTIMIC-085","946\/201","639226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA #278603","INTIMIC-085","946\/201","639226"]}]},{"name":"JPI-HDHL-INTIMIC GUTMOM Project","award":["GA #278603","INTIMIC-085","946\/201","639226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA #278603","INTIMIC-085","946\/201","639226"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research","award":["GA #278603","INTIMIC-085","946\/201","639226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA #278603","INTIMIC-085","946\/201","639226"]}]},{"name":"H2020-ERC Starting grant MAMI","award":["GA #278603","INTIMIC-085","946\/201","639226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA #278603","INTIMIC-085","946\/201","639226"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maternal obesity causes metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, including dysbiosis, overeating, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Early-life phases are fundamental for developing subcutaneous (SAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT), handling energy excesses. Imaging of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose by positron emission tomography (PET) and radiodensity by computerized tomography (CT) allows assessing adipose tissue (AT) whitening and browning in vivo and the underlying metabolic efficiency. Our aim was to examine these in vivo traits in SAT and BAT concerning gut microbiota composition in 1- and 6-month-old mice born to normal (NDoff) and high-fat diet-fed dams (HFDoff), accounting for body weight responses. We found low radiodensity (high lipids) in HFDoff SAT at 1 month, relating to an increased abundance of Dorea genus in the caecum and activation of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. Instead, low BAT radiodensity and glucose uptake were seen in adult HFDoff. Glucose was shifted in favor of BAT at 1 month and SAT at 6 months. In adults, unclassified Enterococcaceae and Rikenellaceae, and Bacillus genera were negatively related to BAT, whereas unclassified Clostridiales genera were related to SAT metabolism. Stratification of HFDoff based on weight-response, namely maternal induced obesity (MIO-HFDoff) or obesity-resistant (MIOR-HFDoff), showed sex dimorphism. Both subgroups were hyperphagic, but only obese mice had hyper-leptinemia and hyper-resistinemia, together with BAT dysfunction, whereas non-obese HFDoff had hyperglycemia and SAT hypermetabolism. In the caecum, unclassified Rikenellaceae (10-fold enrichment in MIO-HFDoff) and Clostridiales genera (4-fold deficiency in MIOR-HFDoff) were important discriminators of these two phenotypes. In conclusion, SAT whitening is an early abnormality in the offspring of HFD dams. In adult life, maternal HFD and the induced excessive food intake translates into a dimorphic phenotype involving SAT, BAT, and microbiota distinctively, reflecting maternal diet*sex interaction. This helps explain inter-individual variability in fetal programming and the higher rates of type 2 diabetes observed in adult women born to obese mothers, supporting personalized risk assessment, prevention, and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12090828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T22:33:01Z","timestamp":1662503581000},"page":"828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Maternal High-Fat Diet Programs White and Brown Adipose Tissues In Vivo in Mice, with Different Metabolic and Microbiota Patterns in Obesity-Susceptible or Obesity-Resistant Offspring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9574-5088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Angela","family":"Guzzardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6204-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Carmen","family":"Collado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4184-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Panetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Tripodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Iozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1575-0922(13)70026-3","article-title":"Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"60","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinol. 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