{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:01:20Z","timestamp":1792684880415,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health-Holland Top Consortia for Knowledge and Innovation (TKI-PPP)","award":["2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The trillions of commensal microorganisms comprising the gut microbiota have received growing attention owing to their impact on host physiology. Recent advances in our understandings of the host\u2013microbiota crosstalk support a pivotal role of microbiota-derived metabolites in various physiological processes, as they serve as messengers in the complex dialogue between commensals and host immune and endocrine cells. In this review, we highlight the importance of tryptophan-derived metabolites in host physiology, and summarize the recent findings on the role of tryptophan catabolites in preserving intestinal homeostasis and fine-tuning immune and metabolic responses. Furthermore, we discuss the latest evidence on the effects of microbial tryptophan catabolites, describe their mechanisms of action, and discuss how perturbations of microbial tryptophan metabolism may affect the course of intestinal and extraintestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic disorders, chronic kidney diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12090834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T22:33:01Z","timestamp":1662503581000},"page":"834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism Tunes Host Immunity, Metabolism, and Extraintestinal Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Moyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC, Location AMC), Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science (ACS) Institute, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Nieuwdorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department (Experimental and Clinical) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC, Location AMC), Amsterdam Diabetes Center, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science (ACS) Institute, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem M.","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700EH Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7742-0092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Rampanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC, Location AMC), Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science (ACS) Institute, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.013","article-title":"Are We Really Vastly Outnumbered? 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