{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:47:41Z","timestamp":1792813661853,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a differentiated class of molecules, continuously generated in the human body and released as products of metabolic pathways. Their concentrations vary depending on pathophysiological conditions. They are detectable in a wide variety of biological samples, such as exhaled breath, faeces, and urine. In particular, urine represents an easily accessible specimen widely used in clinics. The most used techniques for VOCs detections are expensive and time-consuming, thus not allowing for rapid clinical analysis. In this perspective, the aim of this study is a comprehensive characterisation of the urine volatilome by the development of an alternative rapid analytical method. Briefly, 115 urine samples are collected; sample treatment is not needed. VOCs are detected in the urine headspace using gas chromatography coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (GC\u2013IMS) by an extremely fast analysis (10 min). The method is analytically validated; the analysis is sensitive and robust with results comparable to those reported with other techniques. Twenty-three molecules are identified, including ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, and sulphur compounds, whose concentration is altered in several pathological states such as cancer and metabolic disorders. Therefore, it opens new perspectives for fast diagnosis and screening, showing great potential for clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12111072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T03:02:22Z","timestamp":1667790142000},"page":"1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Mapping of Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds by a Rapid Analytical Method Using Gas Chromatography Coupled to Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC\u2013IMS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8396-7054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Riccio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Baroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Urbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4521-0020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unity of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinms.2020.10.004","article-title":"Analysis of Urinary VOCs Using Mass Spectrometric Methods to Diagnose Cancer: A Review","volume":"18","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. 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