{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:07:44Z","timestamp":1788955664477,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA018873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA018873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AA007463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AA007463"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31 AA030214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31 AA030214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most severe form of alcoholic liver disease for which there is no efficacious treatment aiding most patients. AH manifests differently in individuals, with some patients showing debilitating symptoms more so than others. Previous studies showed significant metabolic dysregulation associated with AH. Therefore, we sought to analyze how the activity of metabolic pathways differed in the liver of patients with varying degrees of AH severity. We utilized a genome-scale metabolic modeling approach that allowed for integration of a generic human cellular metabolic model with specific RNA-seq data corresponding to healthy and multiple liver disease states to predict the metabolic fluxes within each disease state. Additionally, we performed a systems-level analysis of the transcriptomic data and predicted metabolic flux data to identify the regulatory and functional differences in liver metabolism with increasing severity of AH. Our results provide unique insights into the sequential dysregulation of the solute transport mechanisms underlying the glutathione metabolic pathway with increasing AH disease severity. We propose targeting of the solute transporters in the glutathione pathway to mimic the flux activity of the healthy liver state as a potential therapeutic intervention for AH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12121157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T08:25:28Z","timestamp":1669105528000},"page":"1157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling Reveals Sequential Dysregulation of Glutathione Metabolism in Livers from Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6946-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Manchel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhakrishnan","family":"Mahadevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada"},{"name":"The Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1119-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon","family":"Bataller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan B.","family":"Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8405-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajanikanth","family":"Vadigepalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0805786","article-title":"Alcoholic Hepatitis","volume":"360","author":"Lucey","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. 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