{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:30:04Z","timestamp":1791585004963,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Social Fund (ESF) and Greek National funds","award":["T1EDK-02073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T1EDK-02073"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urinary tract infections (UTI) of sows (characterized by ascending infections of the urinary bladder (cyst), ureters, and renal pelvis), are major health issues with a significant economic impact to the swine industry. The current detection of UTI incidents lacks sensitivity; thus, UTIs remain largely under-diagnosed. The value of metabolomics in unraveling the mechanisms of sow UTI has not yet been established. This study aims to investigate the urine metabolome of sows for UTI biomarkers. Urine samples were collected from 58 culled sows from a farrow-to-finish herd in Greece. Urine metabolomic profiles in 31 healthy controls and in 27 inflammatory ones were evaluated. UHPLC-qTOF MS\/MS was applied for the analysis with a combination of multivariate and univariate statistical analysis. Eighteen potential markers were found. The changes in several urine metabolites classes (nucleosides, indoles, isoflavones, and dipeptides), as well as amino-acids allowed for an adequate discrimination between the study groups. Identified metabolites were involved in purine metabolism; phenylalanine; tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; and phenylalanine metabolism. Through ROC analysis it was shown that the 18 identified metabolite biomarkers exhibited good predictive accuracy. In summary, our study provided new information on the potential targets for predicting early and accurate diagnosis of UTI. Further, this information also sheds light on how it could be applied in live animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12121186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T01:58:46Z","timestamp":1669600726000},"page":"1186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Untargeted Metabolomics Pilot Study Using UHPLC-qTOF MS Profile in Sows\u2019 Urine Reveals Metabolites of Bladder Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Petros","family":"Pousinis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"FoodOmicsGR, AUTh Node, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Virgiliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"FoodOmicsGR, AUTh Node, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomai","family":"Mouskeftara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"FoodOmicsGR, AUTh Node, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Chalvatzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4964-7174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fotios","family":"Kroustallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleftherios","family":"Panteris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0958-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios A.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FoodOmicsGR, AUTh Node, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4933-6405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paschalis","family":"Fortomaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Cernat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Economics of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43132 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas","family":"Leontides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Economics of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43132 Karditsa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0004-4866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Begou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"FoodOmicsGR, AUTh Node, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd., 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Almond, G. 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