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However, the pathophysiology of retinopathy remains unclear. Accumulating studies demonstrate that amino acid metabolism is associated with retinopathy. This study discusses the characterization of amino acids in DR, AMD, and ROP by metabolomics from clinical and basic research perspectives. The features of amino acids in retinopathy were summarized using a comparative approach based on existing high-throughput metabolomics studies from PubMed. Besides taking up a large proportion, amino acids appear in both human and animal, intraocular and peripheral samples. Among them, some metabolites differ significantly in all three types of retinopathy, including glutamine, glutamate, alanine, and others. Studies on the mechanisms behind retinal cell death caused by glutamate accumulation are on the verge of making some progress. To develop potential therapeutics, it is imperative to understand amino acid-induced retinal functional alterations and the underlying mechanisms. This review delineates the significance of amino acid metabolism in retinopathy and provides possible direction to discover therapeutic targets for retinopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12121244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T01:42:27Z","timestamp":1670809347000},"page":"1244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Amino Acids Metabolism in Retinopathy: From Clinical and Basic Research Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0181-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengxue","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.12.1788","article-title":"Prevalence and Causes of Visual Field Loss in the Elderly and Associations with Impairment in Daily Functioning: The Rotterdam Study","volume":"119","author":"Ramrattan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. 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