{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:14:06Z","timestamp":1789100046924,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Umm al-Qura University","award":["22 UQU4310387DSR39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22 UQU4310387DSR39"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperglycemia is seen in approximately 68 percent of patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU). In many acute circumstances, such as myocardial infarction, brain, injury and stroke, it is an independent predictor of mortality. Hyperglycemia is induced by a mix of genetic, environmental, and immunologic variables in people with type 1 diabetes. These factors cause pancreatic beta cell death and insulin insufficiency. Insulin resistance and irregular insulin production cause hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients. Hyperglycemia activates a number of complicated interconnected metabolic processes. Hyperglycemia is a major contributor to the onset and progression of diabetes\u2019 secondary complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cataracts, periodontitis, and bone and joint issues. Studies on the health benefits of ginger and its constituent\u2019s impact on hyperglycemia and related disorders have been conducted and gingerol proved to be a potential pharmaceutically active constituent of ginger (Zingiber officinale) that has been shown to lower blood sugar levels, because it possesses antioxidant properties and it functions as an antioxidant in the complicated biochemical process that causes hyperglycemia to be activated. Gingerol not only helps in treating hyperglycemia but also shows effectivity against diseases related to it, such as cardiopathy, kidney failure, vision impairments, bone and joint problems, and teeth and gum infections. Moreover, fresh ginger has various gingerol analogues, with 6-gingerol being the most abundant. However, it is necessary to investigate the efficacy of its other analogues against hyperglycemia and associated disorders at various concentrations in order to determine the appropriate dose for treating these conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12121274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T03:55:39Z","timestamp":1671162939000},"page":"1274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Gingerol, a Natural Antioxidant, Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Downstream Complications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Khalid Saad","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4112-0925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Shahid","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4188-5592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Obaid","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4007-4023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami I.","family":"Alzarea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulmalik S. A.","family":"Altamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5890-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed Hassan","family":"Almalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-6467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bismillah","family":"Mubeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0410-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saima","family":"Iftikhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luqman","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02834G","article-title":"A recent update on the multifaceted health benefits associated with ginger and its bioactive components","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgeb.2018.03.003","article-title":"Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome, callus and callus treated with some elicitors","volume":"16","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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