{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:17:40Z","timestamp":1793132260756,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Duchenne UK"},{"name":"Save Our Sons Duchenne Foundation (Australia)"},{"name":"Muscular Dystrophy Australia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation and oxidative stress are strongly implicated in the pathology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and the sulphur-containing amino acid taurine ameliorates both and decreases dystropathology in the mdx mouse model for DMD. We therefore further tested taurine as a therapy using dystrophic DMDmdx rats and dmd zebrafish models for DMD that have a more severe dystropathology. However, taurine treatment had little effect on the indices of dystropathology in both these models. While we and others have previously observed a deficiency in taurine in mdx mice, in the current study we show that the rat and zebrafish models had increased taurine content compared with wild-type, and taurine treatment did not increase muscle taurine levels. We therefore hypothesised that endogenous levels of taurine are a key determinate in potential taurine treatment efficacy. Because of this, we felt it important to measure taurine levels in DMD patient plasma samples and showed that in non-ambulant patients (but not in younger patients) there was a deficiency of taurine. These data suggest that taurine homeostasis varies greatly between species and may be influenced by age and disease progression. The potential for taurine to be an effective therapy may depend on such variables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13020232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T02:29:23Z","timestamp":1675650563000},"page":"232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Muscle Pathology in Dystrophic Rats and Zebrafish Is Unresponsive to Taurine Treatment, Compared to the mdx Mouse Model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Terrill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Huchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TaRGeT Lab, Translational Research for Gene Therapy, INSERM, UMR 1089, Nantes Universit\u00e9, CHU Nantes, 440200 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6904-2300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Le Guiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TaRGeT Lab, Translational Research for Gene Therapy, INSERM, UMR 1089, Nantes Universit\u00e9, CHU Nantes, 440200 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aude","family":"Lafoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therassay Platform, CAPACITES, Nantes Universit\u00e9, 44007 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorian","family":"Caudal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therassay Platform, CAPACITES, Nantes Universit\u00e9, 44007 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Tulangekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9501-8208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Bryson-Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamar E.","family":"Sztal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4530-9402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miranda D.","family":"Grounds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70271-6","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: Diagnosis, and pharmacological and psychosocial management","volume":"9","author":"Bushby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07815-7","article-title":"The muscular dystrophies","volume":"359","author":"Emery","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00248-3","article-title":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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