{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:15:50Z","timestamp":1790511350555,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EPAD project","award":["115736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115736"]}]},{"name":"EPAD project","award":["SG-21-818099-EPAD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SG-21-818099-EPAD"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115736"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SG-21-818099-EPAD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SG-21-818099-EPAD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A number of steroids, including glucocorticoids and sex hormones, have been associated with neurodegenerative and cardiovascular conditions common in aging populations. The application of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) steroid analysis offers an opportunity to conduct simultaneous multiplex steroid analysis within a given sample. In this paper, we describe the application of an LC-MS\/MS steroid analysis method for the assessment of reference ranges of steroids in human saliva samples (200 \u00b5L) collected from older adults (age 50 years and above) enrolled in a European cohort investigating the risk for Alzheimer\u2019s dementia. Saliva samples were prepared using supported liquid extraction (SLE) along with a calibration curve and analysed using a Waters I-Class UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography) and a Sciex QTrap 6500+ mass spectrometer. Mass spectrometry parameters of steroids were optimised for each steroid and a method for the chromatographic separation of 19 steroids was developed. Lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs), linearity and other method criteria were assessed. In total, data from 125 participants (500 samples) were analysed and assessed for reference ranges (64 male, 61 female). A total of 19 steroids were detected in saliva within the range of the method. There were clear diurnal patterns in most of the steroid hormones detected. Sex differences were observed for androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), cortisone (E) and aldosterone (Aldo). In the first sample of the day, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was significantly higher in healthy volunteers compared to those with Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers. This LC-MS\/MS method is suitable for the analysis of 19 steroids in saliva in adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13020265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T04:32:58Z","timestamp":1676262778000},"page":"265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Using LC-MS\/MS to Determine Salivary Steroid Reference Intervals in a European Older Adult Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9864-8240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Gregory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott G.","family":"Denham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna P.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9262-2098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie Z. M.","family":"Homer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK"},{"name":"BHF\/Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00043","article-title":"High Cortisol and the Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Review of the Literature","volume":"11","author":"Ouanes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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