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S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","award":["265204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["265204"]}]},{"name":"Jalmari ja Rauha Ahokkaan S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","award":["278373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["278373"]}]},{"name":"Jalmari ja Rauha Ahokkaan S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","award":["TRR333\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRR333\/1"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["259926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["259926"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["265204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["265204"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["278373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["278373"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["TRR333\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRR333\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human brain metabolism is susceptible to temperature changes. It has been suggested that the supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (BAT) protects the brain from these fluctuations by regulating heat production through the presence of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). It remains unsolved whether inter-individual variation in the expression of UCP-1, which represents the thermogenic capacity of the supraclavicular BAT, is linked with brain metabolism during cold stress. Ten healthy human participants underwent 18F-FDG PET scanning of the brain under cold stimulus to determine brain glucose uptake (BGU). On a separate day, an excision biopsy of the supraclavicular fat\u2014the fat proximal to the carotid arteries supplying the brain with warm blood\u2014was performed to determine the mRNA expression of the thermogenic protein UCP-1. Expression of UCP-1 in supraclavicular BAT was directly related to the whole brain glucose uptake rate determined under cold stimulation (rho = 0.71, p = 0.03). In sub-compartmental brain analysis, UCP-1 expression in supraclavicular BAT was directly related to cold-stimulated glucose uptake rates in the hypothalamus, medulla, midbrain, limbic system, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe (all rho \u2265 0.67, p &lt; 0.05). These relationships were independent of body mass index and age. When analysing gene expressions of BAT secretome, we found a positive correlation between cold-stimulated BGU and DIO2. These findings provide evidence of functional links between brain metabolism under cold stimulation and UCP-1 and DIO2 expressions in BAT in humans. More research is needed to evaluate the importance of these findings in clinical outcomes, for instance, in examining the supporting role of BAT in cognitive functions under cold stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13030387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T03:22:05Z","timestamp":1678072925000},"page":"387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Thermogenic Capacity of Human Supraclavicular Brown Fat and Cold-Stimulated Brain Glucose Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8242-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mueez","family":"U-Din","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Rebelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Saari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarja","family":"Niemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Kuellmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"EKFZ\u2014Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"ZIEL\u2014Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Eskola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9150-2513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Fromme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"EKFZ\u2014Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"ZIEL\u2014Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3591-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Rajander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, \u00c5bo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Taittonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Klingenspor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany"},{"name":"EKFZ\u2014Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"ZIEL\u2014Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9597-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pirjo","family":"Nuutila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2497-9757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauri","family":"Nummenmaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsi A.","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 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