{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:13:48Z","timestamp":1789172028467,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"A*STAR BMRC SPF","award":["2013\/003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/003"]}]},{"name":"A*STAR BMRC SPF","award":["I1901E0040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I1901E0040"]}]},{"name":"A*STAR BMRC SPF","award":["NMRC-CG- CGAug16M008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC-CG- CGAug16M008"]}]},{"name":"NUS-Agilent Hub for Translation and Capture [A*STAR, Industry Alignment Fund\u2013Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP)]","award":["2013\/003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/003"]}]},{"name":"NUS-Agilent Hub for Translation and Capture [A*STAR, Industry Alignment Fund\u2013Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP)]","award":["I1901E0040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I1901E0040"]}]},{"name":"NUS-Agilent Hub for Translation and Capture [A*STAR, Industry Alignment Fund\u2013Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP)]","award":["NMRC-CG- CGAug16M008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC-CG- CGAug16M008"]}]},{"name":"Clinician Scientist Award (CSA)","award":["2013\/003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/003"]}]},{"name":"Clinician Scientist Award (CSA)","award":["I1901E0040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I1901E0040"]}]},{"name":"Clinician Scientist Award (CSA)","award":["NMRC-CG- CGAug16M008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC-CG- CGAug16M008"]}]},{"name":"National Medical Research Council Centre","award":["2013\/003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/003"]}]},{"name":"National Medical Research Council Centre","award":["I1901E0040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I1901E0040"]}]},{"name":"National Medical Research Council Centre","award":["NMRC-CG- CGAug16M008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC-CG- CGAug16M008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eating late in the day is associated with circadian desynchrony, resulting in dysregulated metabolism and increased cardiometabolic disease risk. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using targeted metabolomics of postprandial plasma samples from a secondary analysis of a randomised 2 \u00d7 2 crossover study in 36 healthy older Chinese adults, we have compared postprandial metabolic responses between high (HI) glycemic index (GI) or low-GI (LO) meals, consumed either at breakfast (BR) or at dinner (DI). 29 out of 234 plasma metabolites exhibited significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in postprandial AUC between BR and DI sessions, whereas only five metabolites were significantly different between HI and LO sessions. There were no significant interactions between intake timing and meal GI. Lower glutamine: glutamate ratio, lower lysine and higher trimethyllysine (TML) levels were found during DI compared with BR, along with greater postprandial reductions (\u03b4AUC) in creatine and ornithine levels during DI, indicating a worse metabolic state during the evening DI period. Greater reductions (\u03b4AUC) in postprandial creatine and ornithine were also observed during HI compared with LO (both p &lt; 0.05). These metabolomic changes may indicate potential molecular signatures and\/or pathways linking metabolic responses with cardiometabolic disease risk between different meal intake timings and\/or meals with variable GI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13040490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T04:00:54Z","timestamp":1680062454000},"page":"490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chronometabolism: The Timing of the Consumption of Meals Has a Greater Influence Than Glycemic Index (GI) on the Postprandial Metabolome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yi Ning","family":"Yong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive, MD6 #07-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangwen","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System (NUHS), 14 Medical Drive, MD6 Level 8, Singapore 117599, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2768-0918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leroy Sivappiragasam","family":"Pakkiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System (NUHS), 14 Medical Drive, MD6 Level 8, Singapore 117599, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiani Jeyakumar","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive, MD6 #07-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), 8 Medical Drive, MD7, Singapore 117596, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9559-5358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumanto","family":"Haldar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive, MD6 #07-02, Singapore 117599, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6327-4584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chester Lee","family":"Drum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Health System (NUHS), 14 Medical Drive, MD6 Level 8, Singapore 117599, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2012.01011.x","article-title":"Impact of postprandial glycaemia on health and prevention of disease","volume":"13","author":"Blaak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obes. 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