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Grant of Nicolaus Copernicus University","award":["1I01BX004293-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01BX004293-01A1"]}]},{"name":"Mobility Grant of Nicolaus Copernicus University","award":["4101.00000024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4101.00000024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is recognized as an effective antioxidant produced by the pineal gland, brain and peripheral organs, which also has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumour capacities. Melatonin has been reported as a substance that counteracts ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)-induced intracellular disturbances. Nevertheless, the mechanistic actions of related molecules including its kynurenic derivatives (N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenine (AFMK)), its indolic derivatives (6-hydroxymelatonin (6(OH)MEL) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT)) and its precursor N-acetylserotonin (NAS) are only poorly understood. Herein, we treated human epidermal keratinocytes with UVB and assessed the protective effect of the studied substances in terms of the maintenance of mitochondrial function or their radical scavenging capacity. Our results show that UVB caused the significant elevation of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), the dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (mt\u0394\u03a8), a reduction in ATP synthesis, and the enhanced release of cytochrome c into cytosol, leading subsequently to UVB-mediated activation of the caspases and apoptosis (appearance of sub-G1 population). Our findings, combined with data reported so far, indicate the counteracting and beneficial actions of melatonin and its molecular derivatives against these deleterious changes within mitochondria. Therefore, they define a path to the development of novel strategies delaying mitochondrial aging and promoting the well-being of human skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13070861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T05:42:01Z","timestamp":1689831721000},"page":"861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Mitochondrial Disturbances Are Attenuated by Metabolites of Melatonin in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chantal E.","family":"Holtkamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of M\u00fcnster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1332-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawid","family":"Warmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2098-2799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaudia","family":"Bonowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5445-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Gagat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7029-2657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Linowiecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33125, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3070-6349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wolnicka-Glubisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6763-4225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russel J.","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of M\u00fcnster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8963-3995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej T.","family":"Slominski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"},{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0500-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Steinbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of M\u00fcnster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1311-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Kleszczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of M\u00fcnster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C153","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(91)90087-9","article-title":"Melatonin: The chemical expression of darkness","volume":"79","author":"Reiter","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol. 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