{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:56:02Z","timestamp":1787028962745,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]],"date-time":"2023-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81770944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12DZ2260500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12DZ2260500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation for the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration","award":["81770944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770944"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration","award":["12DZ2260500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12DZ2260500"]}]},{"name":"Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University)","award":["81770944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770944"]}]},{"name":"Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University)","award":["12DZ2260500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12DZ2260500"]}]},{"name":"Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["81770944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770944"]}]},{"name":"Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["12DZ2260500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12DZ2260500"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a severe complication observed in individuals with pathological myopia (PM). Our hypothesis is that specific metabolic alterations occur during the development of CNV in patients with PM. To investigate this, an untargeted metabolomics analysis was conducted using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) and liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS) on aqueous humor (AH) samples obtained from meticulously matched PM patients, including those with CNV (n = 11) and without CNV (n = 11). The analysis aimed to identify differentially expressed metabolites between the two groups. Furthermore, the discriminative ability of each metabolite was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Enriched metabolic pathways were determined using the KEGG and MetaboAnalyst databases. Our results revealed the detection of 272 metabolites using GC\u2013MS and 1457 metabolites using LC\u2013MS in AH samples. Among them, 97 metabolites exhibited significant differential expression between the CNV and non-CNV groups. Noteworthy candidates, including D-citramalic acid, biphenyl, and isoleucylproline, demonstrated high AUC values ranging from 0.801 to 1, indicating their potential as disease biomarkers. Additionally, all three metabolites showed a strong association with retinal cystoid edema in CNV patients. Furthermore, the study identified 12 altered metabolic pathways, with five of them related to carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting their involvement in the occurrence of myopic CNV. These findings provide possible disease-specific biomarkers of CNV in PM and suggest the role of disturbed carbohydrate metabolism in its pathogenesis. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13080900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T03:30:02Z","timestamp":1690774202000},"page":"900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Metabolomic Profiling of Aqueous Humor from Pathological Myopia Patients with Choroidal Neovascularization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2842-4262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Ocular Trauma Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianjin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruowen","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Ocular Trauma Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gezhi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.08.010","article-title":"Epidemiology and disease burden of pathologic myopia and myopic choroidal neovascularization: An evidence-based systematic review","volume":"157","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. 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