{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:55:59Z","timestamp":1787028959273,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY-03988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY-03988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Valerie and Walter Winchester","award":["EY-03988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY-03988"]}]},{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye &amp; Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, MA","award":["EY-03988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY-03988"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Protein aggregation is the etiopathogenesis of the three most profound vision-threatening eye diseases: age-related cataract, presbyopia, and age-related macular degeneration. This perspective organizes known information on ATP and protein aggregation with a fundamental unrecognized function of ATP. With recognition that maintenance of protein solubility is related to the high intracellular concentration of ATP in cells, tissues, and organs, we hypothesize that (1) ATP serves a critical molecular function for organismal homeostasis of proteins and (2) the hydrotropic feature of ATP prevents pathological protein aggregation while assisting in the maintenance of protein solubility and cellular, tissue, and organismal function. As such, the metabolite ATP plays an extraordinarily important role in the prevention of protein aggregation in the leading causes of vision loss or blindness worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13101100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T07:22:32Z","timestamp":1697786552000},"page":"1100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Protein Aggregation in Age-Related Vision-Threatening Ocular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1659-1020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack V.","family":"Greiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Eye Research of Boston, Boston, MA 01890, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Glonek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Eye Research of Boston, Boston, MA 01890, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(91)90016-8","article-title":"The effects of age on phosphatic metabolites of the human crystalline lens","volume":"52","author":"Merchant","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. 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