{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:12:58Z","timestamp":1791555178115,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMW","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["435005003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["435005003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMW","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201806270262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806270262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["435005003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["435005003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201806270262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806270262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a higher risk for complications in South Asian individuals compared to other ethnic groups. To shed light on potential mediating factors, we investigated lipidomic changes in plasma of Dutch South Asians (DSA) and Dutch white Caucasians (DwC) with and without T2DM and explore their associations with clinical features. Using a targeted quantitative lipidomics platform, monitoring over 1000 lipids across 17 classes, along with 1H NMR based lipoprotein analysis, we studied 51 healthy participants (21 DSA, 30 DwC) and 92 T2DM patients (47 DSA, 45 DwC) from the MAGNetic resonance Assessment of VICTOza efficacy in the Regression of cardiovascular dysfunction in type 2 dIAbetes mellitus (MAGNA VICTORIA) study. This comprehensive mapping of the circulating lipidome allowed us to identify relevant lipid modules through unbiased weighted correlation network analysis, as well as disease and ethnicity related key mediatory lipids. Significant differences in lipidomic profiles, encompassing various lipid classes and species, were observed between T2DM patients and healthy controls in both the DSA and DwC populations. Our analyses revealed that healthy DSA, but not DwC, controls already exhibited a lipid profile prone to develop T2DM. Particularly, in DSA-T2DM patients, specific lipid changes correlated with clinical features, particularly diacylglycerols (DGs), showing significant associations with glycemic control and renal function. Our findings highlight an ethnic distinction in lipid modules influencing clinical outcomes in renal health. We discover distinctive ethnic disparities of the circulating lipidome and identify ethnicity-specific lipid markers. Jointly, our discoveries show great potential as personalized biomarkers for the assessment of glycemic control and renal function in DSA-T2DM individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14010033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T05:50:38Z","timestamp":1704261038000},"page":"33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ethnic Disparities in Lipid Metabolism and Clinical Outcomes between Dutch South Asians and Dutch White Caucasians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lushun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0373-9372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aswin","family":"Verhoeven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niek","family":"Blomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huub J.","family":"van Eyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice B.","family":"Bizino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8455-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick C. N.","family":"Rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid M.","family":"Jazet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hildo J.","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ton J.","family":"Rabelink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1684-1894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Giera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5726-5777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard M.","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0766","article-title":"Type 2 Diabetes: Demystifying the Global Epidemic","volume":"66","author":"Unnikrishnan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00326-5","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes in migrant south Asians: Mechanisms, mitigation, and management","volume":"3","author":"Sattar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R99","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0307","article-title":"Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in South Asians","volume":"169","author":"Bakker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. 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