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These outcomes can have irreversible consequences throughout an individual\u2019s entire life. Urinary metabolomics can provide valuable insights into early physiological adaptations in healthy newborns, as well as metabolic disturbances in premature infants or infants with birth complications. In the present study, we measured 180 metabolites and metabolite ratios in the urine of 13 healthy (hospital-discharged) and 38 critically ill newborns (admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)). We used an in-house-developed targeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS\/MS)-based metabolomic assay (TMIC Mega) combining liquid chromatography (LC-MS\/MS) and flow injection analysis (FIA-MS\/MS) to quantitatively analyze up to 26 classes of compounds. Average urinary concentrations (and ranges) for 167 different metabolites from 38 critically ill NICU newborns during their first 24 h of life were determined. Similar sets of urinary values were determined for the 13 healthy newborns. These reference data have been uploaded to the Human Metabolome Database. Urinary concentrations and ranges of 37 metabolites are reported for the first time for newborns. Significant differences were found in the urinary levels of 44 metabolites between healthy newborns and those admitted at the NICU. Metabolites such as acylcarnitines, amino acids and derivatives, biogenic amines, sugars, and organic acids are dysregulated in newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), asphyxia, or newborns exposed to SARS-CoV-2 during the intrauterine period. Urine can serve as a valuable source of information for understanding metabolic alterations associated with life-threatening perinatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14010041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T07:50:48Z","timestamp":1704873048000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Urinary Metabolome of Newborns with Perinatal Complications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1068-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yamil\u00e9","family":"L\u00f3pez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, CONAHCyT-Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Lima-Rogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Central \u201cDr. Ignacio Morones Prieto\u201d, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupasri","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eponine","family":"Oler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2064-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Torres-Calzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9889-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Mej\u00eda-Elizondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Central \u201cDr. Ignacio Morones Prieto\u201d, San Luis Potosi 78290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Poelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8012-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, microRNAs and Cancer Laboratory, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4852-8085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Zubkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3207-2434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Wishart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). 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