{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:47:05Z","timestamp":1760143625281,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nephrotic syndrome and hypothyroidism are respectively reported to influence renal hemodynamics and hypercholesterolemia. However, the relationship of proteinuria-associated thyroid function with renal hemodynamics and cholesterol metabolism has yet to be determined in a simultaneous analysis of thyroid, renal, and cholesterol variables. We investigated the hypothesis that the changes in thyroid hormones by proteinuria may contribute to changes in cholesterol metabolism and renal hemodynamics by proteinuria. Twenty-nine patients (17 men and 12 women) with proteinuric kidney disease (mean age 46 years) were enrolled in a pilot study. Data for serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total cholesterol, and filtration fraction (FF; assessed by para-aminohippuric acid clearance) were used in variable-adjusted correlation analyses. The patients had the following data (mean \u00b1 standard deviation): urinary protein 5.18 \u00b1 3.28 g\/day, FT3 2.18 \u00b1 0.44 pg\/mL, FT4 1.03 \u00b1 0.26 ng\/dL, FF 0.27 \u00b1 0.07, and total cholesterol 327 \u00b1 127 mg\/dL. There was a significant positive correlation of FT3 with FF (\u03b2 = 0.58, p = 0.01) and a significant inverse correlation of FT4 with total cholesterol (\u03b2 = \u22120.40, p = 0.01). A positive correlation of FT3 with FF and an inverse correlation of FT4 with total cholesterol were demonstrated in patients with proteinuric kidney disease. The proteinuria-associated reduction in serum thyroid hormone levels was correlated with hypercholesterolemia and the reduced glomerular FF. Further studies of these relationships are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14020111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T03:47:09Z","timestamp":1707277629000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship of Thyroid Function with Renal Hemodynamics and Cholesterol Metabolism in Proteinuric Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Iwazu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Anti-Ageing Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8119-633X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Kotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taro","family":"Sugase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seiikai Medical Clinic Nasu, Otawara 324-0034, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1159\/000168649","article-title":"Plasma composition in the nephrotic syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Kaysen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. 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