{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T18:41:46Z","timestamp":1769971306063,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione of the Italian Society of Hypertension","award":["MIO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIO"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies have detected a direct association between serum uric acid (SUA) and cardiovascular (CV) risk. In consideration that SUA largely depends on kidney function, some studies explored the role of the serum creatinine (sCr)-normalized SUA (SUA\/sCr) ratio in different settings. Previously, the URRAH (URic acid Right for heArt Health) Study has identified a cut-off value of this index to predict CV mortality at 5.35 Units. Therefore, given that no SUA\/sCr ratio threshold for CV risk has been identified for patients with diabetes, we aimed to assess the relationship between this index and CV mortality and to validate this threshold in the URRAH subpopulation with diabetes; the URRAH participants with diabetes were studied (n = 2230). The risk of CV mortality was evaluated by the Kaplan\u2013Meier estimator and Cox multivariate analysis. During a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 380 CV deaths occurred. A non-linear inverse association between baseline SUA\/sCr ratio and risk of CV mortality was detected. In the whole sample, SUA\/sCr ratio &gt; 5.35 Units was not a significant predictor of CV mortality in diabetic patients. However, after stratification by kidney function, values &gt; 5.35 Units were associated with a significantly higher mortality rate only in normal kidney function, while, in participants with overt kidney dysfunction, values of SUA\/sCr ratio &gt; 7.50 Units were associated with higher CV mortality. The SUA\/sCr ratio threshold, previously proposed by the URRAH Study Group, is predictive of an increased risk of CV mortality in people with diabetes and preserved kidney function. While, in consideration of the strong association among kidney function, SUA, and CV mortality, a different cut-point was detected for diabetics with impaired kidney function. These data highlight the different predictive roles of SUA (and its interaction with kidney function) in CV risk, pointing out the difference in metabolic- and kidney-dependent SUA levels also in diabetic individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14030164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T04:47:05Z","timestamp":1710478025000},"page":"164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Serum Uric Acid\/Serum Creatinine Ratio and Cardiovascular Mortality in Diabetic Individuals\u2014The Uric Acid Right for Heart Health (URRAH) Project"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1782-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lanfranco","family":"D\u2019Elia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Masulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, \u201cAldo Moro\u201d University of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6994-0223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostino","family":"Virdis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0003-3289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Casiglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Studium Patavinum, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7846-0101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"Tikhonoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4925-7985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Angeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institutes, IRCCS, 21049 Tradate, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4114-038X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Maria","family":"Barbagallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Bombelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Pio XI Hospital of Desio, ASST Brianza, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20871 Vimercate, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Cappelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7886-8027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Cianci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2379-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Ciccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4367-3884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arrigo F. 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