{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:16:29Z","timestamp":1789773389761,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":418,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The metabolic reprogramming that promotes tumorigenesis in glioblastoma is induced by dynamic alterations in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, as well as in transcriptional and signaling networks, which result in changes in global genetic expression. The signaling pathways PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and RAS\/RAF\/MEK\/ERK stimulate cell metabolism, either directly or indirectly, by modulating the transcriptional factors p53, HIF1, and c-Myc. The overexpression of HIF1 and c-Myc, master regulators of cellular metabolism, is a key contributor to the synthesis of bioenergetic molecules that mediate glioma cell transformation, proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion by modifying the transcription levels of key gene groups involved in metabolism. Meanwhile, the tumor-suppressing protein p53, which negatively regulates HIF1 and c-Myc, is often lost in glioblastoma. Alterations in this triad of transcriptional factors induce a metabolic shift in glioma cells that allows them to adapt and survive changes such as mutations, hypoxia, acidosis, the presence of reactive oxygen species, and nutrient deprivation, by modulating the activity and expression of signaling molecules, enzymes, metabolites, transporters, and regulators involved in glycolysis and glutamine metabolism, the pentose phosphate cycle, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids and nucleic acids. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of HIF1, c-Myc, and p53 in the genic regulatory network for metabolism in glioma cells, as well as potential therapeutic inhibitors of these factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14050249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T08:08:32Z","timestamp":1714032512000},"page":"249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Metabolic Roles of HIF1, c-Myc, and p53 in Glioma Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Trejo-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramaci\u00f3n Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4117-6689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Castillo-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICATA Unidad Morelos, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Boulevard de la Tecnolog\u00eda, 1036 Z-1, P 2\/2, Atlacholoaya 62790, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norma","family":"Serrano-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramaci\u00f3n Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4679-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Silva-Adaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiolog\u00eda, Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramaci\u00f3n Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), Ciudad de Mexico 14330, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Vargas-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirug\u00eda, Hospital \u00c1ngeles del Pedregal, Camino a Sta. 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