{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:56:09Z","timestamp":1787028969909,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["FWNR-2022-0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWNR-2022-0022"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["075-15-2019-1662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2019-1662"]}]},{"name":"ICIG SB RAS Core Facility of Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of microorganisms","award":["FWNR-2022-0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWNR-2022-0022"]}]},{"name":"ICIG SB RAS Core Facility of Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of microorganisms","award":["075-15-2019-1662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2019-1662"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most valuable cereal crops worldwide. This study examined leaf extracts of 30 accessions of T. aestivum and its subspecies using 48 h maceration with methanol by GC-MS and GCxGC-MS. The plants were grown from seeds of the wheat genetics collection of the Wheat Genetics Sector of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS. The analysis revealed 263 components of epicuticular waxes, including linear and branched alkanes, aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, \u03b2-diketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, mono- and diterpenes, phytosterols, and tocopherols. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to identify and visualize the differences between the leaf extracts of different wheat cultivars. Three clusters were identified, with the leading components being (1) octacosan-1-ol, (2) esters of saturated and unsaturated alcohols, and (3) fatty acid alkylamides, which were found for the first time in plant extracts. The results highlight the importance of metabolic studies in understanding the adaptive mechanisms and increasing wheat resistance to stress factors. These are crucial for breeding new-generation cultivars with improved traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14080426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T15:26:53Z","timestamp":1722526013000},"page":"426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A GC-MS Metabolic Study on Lipophilic Compounds in the Leaves of Common Wheat Triticum aestivum L."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Asya R.","family":"Vasilieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolay M.","family":"Slynko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolay P.","family":"Goncharov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ljudmila E.","family":"Tatarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid V.","family":"Kuibida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey E.","family":"Peltek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Kurchatov Genomics Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, June 14). Facts & Figures on Food and Biodiversity. Available online: https:\/\/idrc-crdi.ca\/en\/research-in-action\/facts-figures-food-and-biodiversity."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feldman, M., and Levy, A.A. (2023). Evolution of wheat under cultivation. Wheat Evolution and Domestication, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-30175-9"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evz037","article-title":"Acquisition and loss of secondary metabolites shaped the evolutionary path of three emerging phytopathogens of wheat","volume":"11","author":"Thynne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"776","article-title":"Concept of producing of the Russian national system of functional food","volume":"22","author":"Fotev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vavilovskii Zhournal Genet. I Sel."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.10.012","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol and its masked forms: Characteristics, incidence, control and fate during wheat and wheat based products processing\u2014A review","volume":"71","author":"Khaneghah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saied, D.B., Ramadan, N.S., El-Sayed, M.M., and Farag, M.A. (2023). Effect of Maturity Stage on Cereal and Leguminous Seeds\u2019 Metabolome as Analyzed Using Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Chemometric Tools. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13020163"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14727","article-title":"Metabolomics analysis and metabolite-agronomic trait associations using kernels of wheat (Triticum aestivum) recombinant inbred lines","volume":"103","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2019.02.013","article-title":"Plant chemophenetics\u2014A new term for plant chemosystematics\/plant chemotaxonomy in the macro-molecular era","volume":"163","author":"Zidorn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Litvinov, D.Y., Karlov, G.I., and Divashuk, M.G. (2021). Metabolomics for Crop Breeding: General Considerations. Genes, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12101602"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.18388\/pb.2021_483","article-title":"Wosk epikutykularny li\u015bci jako cecha warunkuj\u0105ca odporno\u015b\u0107 na susz\u0119 u zb\u00f3\u017c","volume":"69","year":"2023","journal-title":"Post\u0119py Biochem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337-016-3142-9","article-title":"Authentication of Cereal Flours by Multivariate Analysis of GC\u2013MS Data","volume":"79","author":"Pastor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2023.045986","article-title":"Review on analytical technologies and applications in metabolomics","volume":"48","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajjar, G., Santos, M.C.B., Bertrand-Michel, J., Canlet, C., Castelli, F., Creusot, N., Dechaumet, S., Di\u00e9m\u00e9, B., Giacomoni, F., and Giraudeau, P. (2023). Scaling-up metabolomics: Current state and perspectives. TrAC-Trends Anal. Chem., 167.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117225"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebbels, T.M.D., van der Hooft, J.J.J., Chatelaine, H., Broeckling, C., Zamboni, N., Hassoun, S., and Math\u00e9, E.A. (2023). Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based computational metabolomics. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 74.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2023.102288"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Loscher, C., Mccarthy, C., Guiry, P., Murphy, C., Maingot, C., Dublin City University, University College Dublin, and Dublin National University of Ireland (2016). A Method for Treating Peripheral Inflammatory Disease. (WO2016185025A1), U.S. Patent, Application filed by Dublin City University, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin 2015."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/cber.19360690112","article-title":"\u00dcber hochpolymere Verbindungen, 124. Mitteil.: Viscosit\u00e4ts-Messungen an Fetts\u00e4ureamiden und -aniliden","volume":"69","author":"Staudinger","year":"1936","journal-title":"Chem. Ber."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/jlac.19274530109","article-title":"Zur Kenntnis der Imidchloride und Imidbromide aliphatischer S\u00e4uren","volume":"453","author":"Braun","year":"1927","journal-title":"Liebigs Ann."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasilieva, A.R., Slynko, N.M., Tatarova, L.E., Efimov, V.M., Kuibida, L.V., Asbaganov, S.V., and Peltek, S.E. (2023). A GC-MS Chemotaxonomic Study on Lipophilic Compounds in the Bark of S. aucuparia subsp. sibirica Trees from the Population Growing in Akademgorodok, Novosibirsk (Russia). Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13060768"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)80947-X","article-title":"A Generalization of the Retention Index System Including Linear Temperature Programmed Gas-Liquid Partition Chromatography","volume":"11","author":"Dool","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"(2024, July 26). Gas Chromatographic Retention Data, Available online: https:\/\/webbook.nist.gov\/chemistry\/gc-ri\/."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Past: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Hammer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Palaeontol. Electron."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Lebedev, A.T. (2015). Mass Spectrometry in Organic Chemistry, Tekhnosphere. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Silverstein, R.M., Webster, F.X., Kiemle, D., and Bryce, D.L. (2014). Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, Wiley. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1139\/v69-516","article-title":"Composition of the leaf wax of Little Club wheat","volume":"47","author":"Tulloch","year":"1969","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paparella, P., Shaltiel-Harpaza, L., and Ibdah, M. (2021). \u03b2-Ionone: Its Occurrence and Biological Function and Metabolic Engineering. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10040754"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schuster, A., Burghardt, M., Alfarhan, A., Bueno, A., Hedrich, R., Leide, J., Thomas, J., and Riederer, M. (2016). Effectiveness of cuticular transpiration barriers in a desert plant at controlling water loss at high temperatures. AoB Plants, 8.","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/plw027"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2011.04.016","article-title":"An overview on plant cuticle biomechanics","volume":"181","author":"Cuartero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2006.06.016","article-title":"Crystallinity of plant epicuticular waxes: Electron and X-ray diffraction studies","volume":"144","author":"Ensikat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8339.1998.tb02529.x","article-title":"Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes","volume":"126","author":"Barthlott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bot. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-005-0081-3","article-title":"Structural Analysis of Wheat Wax (Triticum aestivum, c.v. \u201cNaturastar\u201d L.): From the Molecular Level to Three Dimensional Crystals","volume":"223","author":"Koch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"41","article-title":"Vitamin E in plants: Biosynthesis, transport, and function","volume":"7","author":"Alegre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(73)85123-4","article-title":"Leaf Wax of Triticum aestivum","volume":"12","author":"Tulloch","year":"1973","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1139\/b80-302","article-title":"A survey of epicuticular waxes among genera of Triticeae. 2. Chemistry","volume":"58","author":"Tulloch","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2019.12.036","article-title":"Differential response of cuticular wax and photosynthetic capacity by glaucous and non-glaucous wheat cultivars under mild and severe droughts","volume":"147","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Florent, D.L., Corey, D.B., Darren, M.C., Scott, D.H., Frank, B.P., Courtney, E.J., and Heuberger, A.L. (2018). GC-MS Metabolomics to Evaluate the Composition of Plant Cuticular Waxes for Four Triticum aestivum Cultivars. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020249"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Wang, J., Chai, G., Li, C., Hu, Y., Chen, X., and Wang, Z. (2015). Developmental Changes in Composition and Morphology of Cuticular Waxes on Leaves and Spikes of Glossy and Glaucous Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141239"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.17957\/IJAB\/15.1733","article-title":"Analysis of composition and morphology of cuticular wax of wheat at different development stages","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.59.103006.093219","article-title":"Sealing Plant Surfaces: Cuticular Wax Formation by Epidermal Cells","volume":"59","author":"Samuels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-3084(70)90061-7","article-title":"Cuticular leaf waxes. Part II. Chenopodium album L. and Lolium perenne L.","volume":"4","author":"Allebone","year":"1970","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-1978(95)00102-6","article-title":"Chemotaxonomic Significance of Leaf Wax Alkanes in the Gramineae","volume":"24","author":"Maffei","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1139\/b81-166","article-title":"Composition of epicuticular waxes from 28 genera of Gramineae: Differences between subfamilies","volume":"59","author":"Tulloch","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcx051","article-title":"Structure and Biosynthesis of Branched Wax Compounds on Wild Type and Wax Biosynthesis Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"58","author":"Busta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcaa056","article-title":"Leaf Cuticle Analyses: Implications for the Existence of Cutan\/non-ester Cutin and Its Biosynthetic Origin","volume":"126","author":"Leide","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals Bot."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"465","article-title":"Glaucousness in wheat: Its development and effect on water use efficiency, gas exchange and photosynthetic tissue temperatures","volume":"13","author":"Richards","year":"1986","journal-title":"Aust. J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1983.0011183X002300020033x","article-title":"Yield, water relations, gas exchange, and surface reflectances of near-isogenic wheat lines differing in glaucousness","volume":"23","author":"Johnson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)85661-7","article-title":"Chemical Genetics of \u03b2-diketone Formation in Wheat","volume":"7","author":"Barber","year":"1968","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(73)85124-6","article-title":"Composition of Leaf Surface Waxes of Triticum Species: Variation with Age and Tissue","volume":"12","author":"Tulloch","year":"1973","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.21608\/ejp.2023.337102","article-title":"Biological Induction of Metabolic Defense Mechanisms against Wheat Yellow Rust Using Bacterial and Organic Biocontrol Agents","volume":"51","author":"Fattouh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005499907009","article-title":"Identification of 1-octacosanal and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone from wheat as ovipositional stimulants for the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor","volume":"26","author":"Morris","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-015-9418-0","article-title":"Alkamides: A critical reconsideration of a multifunctional class of unsaturated fatty acid amides","volume":"15","author":"Greger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1021\/jf048529t","article-title":"New alkamides from Maca (Lepidium meyenii)","volume":"53","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1185327","article-title":"Amides from the stem bark of Fagara macrophylla","volume":"75","author":"Wansi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2010.07.007","article-title":"New alkamide and ent-kaurane diterpenoid derivatives from Senecio erechtitoides (Asteraceae)","volume":"3","author":"Ndom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(01)00395-8","article-title":"Constituents of Lepidium meyenii \u201cmaca\u201d","volume":"59","author":"Muhammad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisht, K., and Merkler, D. (2021). The Biosynthesis and Metabolism of the N-Acylated Aromatic Amino Acids: N-Acylphenylalanine, N-Acyltyrosine, N-Acyltryptophan, and N-Acylhistidine. Front. Mol. Biosci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.801749"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.112.198473","article-title":"Composition and Physiological Function of the Wax Layers Coating Arabidopsis Leaves: \u03b2-amyrin Negatively Affects the Intracuticular Water Barrier","volume":"160","author":"Buschhaus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."}],"container-title":["Metabolites"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/14\/8\/426\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:28:30Z","timestamp":1760110110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-1989\/14\/8\/426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["metabo14080426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo14080426","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-1989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-1989","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}}}