{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:56:54Z","timestamp":1764172614416,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Heath\u2013Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center-LACaTS","award":["U54 GM104940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 GM104940"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The popularity of e-cigarettes (vaping) has soared, creating a public health crisis among teens and young adults. Chronic vaping can induce gut inflammation and reduce intestinal barrier function through the production of the proinflammatory molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This is particularly concerning for people with HIV (PWH) as they already face impaired immune function and are at a higher risk for metabolic dysregulation, diabetes, and chronic liver disease. Furthermore, PWH experience unhealthy behaviors, making it crucial to understand the systemic metabolic dysregulation and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with vaping in this population. Here, we employed liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics to investigate the upper respiratory, circulation, and gut metabolic profiles of PWH who vape (n = 7) and smoke combustible tobacco\/marijuana (n = 6) compared to control participants who did not vape or smoke (n = 10). This hypothesis-generating exploratory study revealed systemic alterations in purine, neurotransmitter, and vitamin B metabolisms and tissue-specific changes in inflammatory pathways and cryptic sulfur cycling associated with vaping and combustible tobacco\/marijuana smoking in PWH. In addition, this study provides the first link between microbial-derived metabolite 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate (DHPS) and vaping\/smoking (tobacco and marijuana)-induced metabolic dyshomeostasis in the gut. These findings highlight the importance of identifying the full biological and clinical significance of the physiological changes and risks associated with vaping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14080434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T10:54:24Z","timestamp":1722941664000},"page":"434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of E-Cigarettes on the Lung and Systemic Metabolome in People with HIV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4069-3676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline","family":"Zaparte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8387-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney J.","family":"Christopher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8961-2342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connie","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7675-3162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Richey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adairre","family":"Castille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Mistretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7983-5275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3307-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiyi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2231-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7321-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Kirwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8492-7820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John W.","family":"Apolzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6809-3862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn R.","family":"Campagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"},{"name":"Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0008-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2023.35.2.173","article-title":"HIV Prevention Services in Residential Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facilities in the United States","volume":"35","author":"Ware","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIDS Educ. 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