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Major changes in glucose metabolism occur throughout pregnancy and consist of higher insulin resistance and a compensatory increase in insulin secretion to maintain glucose homeostasis. For some women, this change is insufficient to maintain normoglycemia, leading to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a condition characterized by maternal glucose intolerance and hyperglycaemia first diagnosed during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. GDM is diagnosed in approximately 14.0% of pregnancies globally, and it is often associated with short- and long-term adverse health outcomes in both mothers and offspring. Although recent studies have highlighted the role of genetic determinants in the development of GDM, research in this area is still lacking, hindering the development of prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: In this paper, we review recent advances in the understanding of genetic determinants of GDM and glycaemic traits during pregnancy. Results\/Conclusions: Our review highlights the need for further collaborative efforts as well as larger and more diverse genotyped pregnancy cohorts to deepen our understanding of the genetic aetiology of GDM, address research gaps, and further improve diagnostic and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14090508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T10:49:48Z","timestamp":1726829388000},"page":"508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Understanding the Genetic Landscape of Gestational Diabetes: Insights into the Causes and Consequences of Elevated Glucose Levels in Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2654-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Brito Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Carolina","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Freathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Lawlor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9119-9187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Qvigstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia"},{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK"},{"name":"Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8768-0904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunn-Helen","family":"Moen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4102, Australia"},{"name":"K.G. 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