{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T04:36:17Z","timestamp":1782362177526,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Projects of State Key R &amp; D Program, China","award":["2022YFF1100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1100200"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects of State Key R &amp; D Program, China","award":["CX20240070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20240070"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects of State Key R &amp; D Program, China","award":["2024CX02089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CX02089"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["2022YFF1100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1100200"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["CX20240070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20240070"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province","award":["2024CX02089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CX02089"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Innovation Fund for Post-graduates of Central South University of Forestry and Technology","award":["2022YFF1100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1100200"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Innovation Fund for Post-graduates of Central South University of Forestry and Technology","award":["CX20240070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20240070"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Innovation Fund for Post-graduates of Central South University of Forestry and Technology","award":["2024CX02089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CX02089"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Didymin is a dietary flavonoid derived from citrus fruits and has been shown to have extensive biological functions, especially anti-inflammatory effects, but its mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism of didymin that alleviates ulcerative colitis. Methods and Results: Our results indicated that didymin could alleviate the symptoms of ulcerative colitis, as it inhibited the expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1). Didymin also promoted the expressions of claudin-1 and zona occludens-1(ZO-1), which are closely related with restoring colon barrier function. Didymin also increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Verrucomicobiota, while decreasing the abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria. Meanwhile, didymin significantly altered the levels of metabolites related to arginine synthesis and metabolism, and lysine degradation in the colitis mice. Utilizing network pharmacology and molecular docking, our results showed that the metabolites L-ornithine and saccharin could interact with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-\u03baB). In this in vitro study, L-ornithine could reduce the expressions of transcription factors STAT3 and NF-\u03baB, and it also inhibited the expressions of IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 in the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced in RAW264.7 cells, while saccharin had the opposite effect. Conclusions: Taken together, didymin can regulate gut microbiota and alter metabolite products, which can modulate STAT3 and NF-\u03baB pathways and inhibit the expressions of inflammatory factors and inflammatory response in the DSS-induced colitis mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14100547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T12:44:31Z","timestamp":1728909871000},"page":"547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Didymin Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Amino Acid Metabolism in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhongxing","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuomin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7489-544X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feijun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Deeply Processing and Quality Control of Cereals and Oils, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Rice Deep Process and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2652","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2002697","article-title":"Pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"383","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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