{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:19:41Z","timestamp":1787959181391,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Oxidative stress-related diseases in newborns arise from pro-oxidant\/antioxidant imbalance in both term and preterm neonates. Pro-oxidant\/antioxidant imbalance has shown to be present in different pathological conditions such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Methods and Results: We performed a narrative review according to the most recent available literature (2012\u20132024), using Scopus and PubMed as electronic databases. Many observational and experimental studies in vitro and in vivo have evaluated the effectiveness of antioxidant therapies such as melatonin, erythropoietin (EPO), allopurinol, N-acetylcisteine (NAS), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors in these diseases. Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in term and near-term newborns. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the gold standard treatment for neonates with moderate-severe perinatal asphyxia, resulting in a reduction in the mortality and neurodevelopmental disability rates. Conclusions: According to the most recent literature and clinical trials, melatonin, allopurinol, NAS, NOS inhibitors, magnesium sulfate, and stem cells stand out as promising as both adjuvants and future probable alternatives to TH in the treatment of HIE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14110630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T10:44:37Z","timestamp":1732013077000},"page":"630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antioxidant Therapy in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: Adjuvant or Future Alternative to Therapeutic Hypothermia?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Veronica","family":"Notarbartolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital \u201cPaolo Giaccone\u201d, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bintu Ayla","family":"Badiane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vita Maria","family":"Angileri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with Neonatology, \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d Hospital Unit, 90131 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4727-1628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ettore","family":"Piro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9576-1635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Giuffr\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"228.e1","article-title":"Oxidative stress in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy","volume":"88","author":"Benavente","year":"2018","journal-title":"An. 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