{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T22:02:12Z","timestamp":1788818532972,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States National Institutes of Health\/Fogarty International Center (US NIH\/FIC)","award":["1U2RTW010110-01\/5U01TW010101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U2RTW010110-01\/5U01TW010101"]}]},{"name":"United States National Institutes of Health\/Fogarty International Center (US NIH\/FIC)","award":["108121-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108121-001"]}]},{"name":"Canada\u2019s International Development Research Center (IDRC)","award":["1U2RTW010110-01\/5U01TW010101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U2RTW010110-01\/5U01TW010101"]}]},{"name":"Canada\u2019s International Development Research Center (IDRC)","award":["108121-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108121-001"]}]},{"name":"Genome Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI)","award":["1U2RTW010110-01\/5U01TW010101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U2RTW010110-01\/5U01TW010101"]}]},{"name":"Genome Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI)","award":["108121-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108121-001"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)","award":["1U2RTW010110-01\/5U01TW010101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U2RTW010110-01\/5U01TW010101"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)","award":["108121-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108121-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Electronic and electrical waste (e-waste) production has emerged to be of global environmental public health concern. E-waste workers, who are frequently exposed to hazardous chemicals through occupational activities, face considerable health risks. Methods: To investigate the metabolic and exposomic changes in these workers, we analyzed whole blood samples from 100 male e-waste workers and 49 controls from the GEOHealth II project (2017\u20132018 in Accra, Ghana) using LC-MS\/MS. A specialized computational workflow was established for exposomics data analysis, incorporating two curated reference libraries for metabolome and exposome profiling. Two feature detection algorithms, asari and centWave, were applied. Results: In comparison to centWave, asari showed better sensitivity in detecting MS features, particularly at trace levels. Principal component analysis demonstrated distinct metabolic profiles between e-waste workers and controls, revealing significant disruptions in key metabolic pathways, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, drug metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis, vitamin metabolism, and prostaglandin biosynthesis. Correlation analyses linked metal exposures to alterations in hundreds to thousands of metabolic features. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted significant perturbations in pathways related to liver function, vitamin metabolism, linoleate metabolism, and dynorphin signaling, with the latter being observed for the first time in e-waste workers. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the biological impact of prolonged metal exposure in e-waste workers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14120671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T11:48:56Z","timestamp":1733226536000},"page":"671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comprehensive Blood Metabolome and Exposome Analysis, Annotation, and Interpretation in E-Waste Workers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Viau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3079-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius N.","family":"Fobil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 13, Ghana"},{"name":"West Africa Center for Global Environmental & Occupational Health, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 13, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2695-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niladri","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianguo","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"osad003","DOI":"10.1093\/exposome\/osad003","article-title":"Exposomics as a tool to investigate differences in health and disease by sex and gender","volume":"3","author":"Bucher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exposome"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-019-00187-4","article-title":"The metabolome: A key measure for exposome research in epidemiology","volume":"6","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. 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