{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:18:35Z","timestamp":1787066315399,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Science and Technology Projects of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2022A03012-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A03012-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The influence of serum uric acid (SUA) on bone metabolism, as suggested by previous studies, remains a contentious issue. SUA plays a complex role in bone health and hypertension, making it challenging to discern its impact on the skeletal status of middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients. This study aims to elucidate the effects of SUA on bone health, with a particular focus on its association with osteoporosis and the risk of fractures. Methods: Multiple linear regression analyzed SUA levels against bone mineral density (BMD) and future fracture risk. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between SUA and osteoporosis. Dose\u2013response relationship analysis was conducted using generalized smooth curve fitting (GSCF) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) methods. Results: With the exception of the total femur region, SUA and BMD showed a positive connection. GSCF analysis revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between SUA and BMD, alongside a U-shaped trend with FRAX scores. Moreover, RCS analysis indicated a U-shaped relationship between osteoporosis risk and SUA levels, with higher risks identified in the first and third tertiles compared to the second tertile. Conclusions: In individuals with middle-aged and older hypertension, SUA is substantially linked to bone health. The identification of an inverted U-shaped relationship with BMD and U-shaped relationships with FRAX scores and osteoporosis risk highlights the nuanced influence of SUA. These findings suggest that both low and high SUA levels may adversely affect bone health, emphasizing the need for further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15010015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T10:17:23Z","timestamp":1735899443000},"page":"15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Serum Uric Acid and Bone Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Hypertensive Patients: A Potential U-Shaped Association and Implications for Future Fracture Risk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2444-2136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuaiwei","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xintian","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3689-7475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center, People\u2019s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Urumqi 830001, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi 830001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02646-5","article-title":"Drug therapy for osteoporosis in older 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