{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T05:07:47Z","timestamp":1764997667392,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The use of illicit drugs and stimulants is a burgeoning socioeconomic problem, ultimately leading to an increase in street crimes and deteriorating human health. The persistent presence of CNS drugs in wastewater can also lead to downstream adverse effects on aquatic wildlife and humans. Objectives: In the present study, a method was developed for the solid-phase extraction and quantitative liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole\/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis of CNS stimulant drugs and their metabolites in municipal wastewater. The targeted species included amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), cocaine, and benzoylecgonine (BE). Methods: The method was validated and applied to analyzing wastewater samples collected at the University of Mississippi and the City of Oxford wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) during weekends when the university hosted home college football games. Results: Our results indicate that while amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and BE were all detected at quantifiable levels, amphetamine and BE were present in significantly higher concentrations in wastewater during football games. Conclusion: The insights from this study can be utilized to monitor long-term drug use trends, providing local law enforcement agencies with relevant data on consumption patterns over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15020069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T05:50:53Z","timestamp":1737525053000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["LC-QToF-MS Analysis of Stimulant Drugs and Their Metabolites in Wastewater During Football Games"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Brandon J.","family":"Stamper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2706-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8656-9526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharathi","family":"Avula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yeong","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3341-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan-Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7771-4722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle S.","family":"Bledsoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5464-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikhlas A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"},{"name":"Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murrell","family":"Godfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.12.020","article-title":"Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Occurrence of Cocaine and Benzoylecgonine in Waste- and Surface Water from Belgium and Removal during Wastewater Treatment","volume":"43","author":"Pecceu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2024, November 03). 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