{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T05:25:59Z","timestamp":1787289959652,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Defense Industrial Technology Development Program","award":["JCKY2024601C018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCKY2024601C018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia presents a considerable challenge in forensic medicine. Metabolomics, a powerful tool reflecting comprehensive changes in endogenous metabolites, offers significant potential for exploring disease mechanisms and identifying diagnostic markers. Methods: In this study, we employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2013MS) to perform a non-targeted metabolomic analysis of liver, stomach, spleen, and musculus gastrocnemius tissues from mice subjected to fatal hypothermia. Result: A substantial number of differential metabolites were identified in each tissue: 1601 in the liver, 420 in the stomach, 732 in the spleen, and 668 in the gastrocnemius muscle. The most significantly altered metabolites were as follows: magnoflorine (liver, upregulated, ranked first in fold-change), gibberellic acid (stomach, downregulated, ranked first in fold-change), nitrofurantoin (spleen, upregulated, ranked first in fold-change), and isoreserpin (gastrocnemius muscle, downregulated, ranked first in fold-change). Glycerophospholipid metabolism exhibited notable enrichment in all tissues (spleen: second, liver: tenth, stomach: eleventh, gastrocnemius muscle: twenty-first), as did tryptophan metabolism (spleen: thirteenth, liver: eighth, stomach: third, gastrocnemius muscle: seventeenth). Conclusions: Our findings provide insights into the metabolic perturbations associated with fatal hypothermia in different tissues and lay a foundation for the identification of potential tissue biomarkers for forensic diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15020116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T05:34:32Z","timestamp":1739252072000},"page":"116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["RETRACTED: Potential Biomarkers of Fatal Hypothermia Revealed by UHPLC-MS Metabolomics in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xin-Zhi","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong-Wen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Yu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Liang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding-Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, National Children\u2019s Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-Qing","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Design and Evaluation Technology of Advanced Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1556-2167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Susalimas [Hypothermia]","volume":"39","author":"Reingardiene","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-023-03156-1","article-title":"Identifying hypothermia death in a mouse model by ATR-FTIR","volume":"138","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. 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