{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:41:00Z","timestamp":1785156060007,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Japanese Government","award":["25K15338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K15338"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Japanese Government","award":["20K12043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K12043"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Drug development for complex diseases such as NAFLD is often lengthy and expensive. Drug repurposing, the process of finding new therapeutic uses for existing drugs, presents a promising alternative to traditional approaches. This study aims to identify potential repurposed drugs for NAFLD by leveraging disease\u2013disease relationships and drug\u2013target data from the BioSNAP database. Methods: A bipartite network was constructed between drugs and their target genes, followed by the application of the BiClusO bi-clustering algorithm to identify high-density clusters. Clusters with significant associations with NAFLD risk genes were considered to predict potential drug candidates. Another set of candidates was determined based on disease similarity. Results: A novel ranking methodology was developed to evaluate and prioritize these candidates, supported by a comprehensive literature review of their effectiveness in NAFLD treatment. Conclusions: This research demonstrates the potential of drug repurposing to accelerate the development of therapies for NAFLD, offering valuable insights into novel treatment strategies for complex diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15040255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T03:32:53Z","timestamp":1744169573000},"page":"255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Drug Repurposing for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Analyzing Networks Among Drugs, Diseases, and Genes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6250-5133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md.","family":"Altaf-Ul-Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Kamal","family":"Nasution","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0462-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rumman Mahfujul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7722-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoaki","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigehiko","family":"Kanaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0101, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.168","article-title":"Drug repurposing: Progress, challenges and recommendations","volume":"18","author":"Pushpakom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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