{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:11:52Z","timestamp":1776132712553,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metabolites"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: A functional liver is vital for normal protein metabolism. Alterations of circulating amino acid (AA) concentrations have previously been reported in dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic hepatitis, and hepatocutaneous syndrome. The purpose of this study was to compare serum AA profiles between dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) and healthy control dogs. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 50 dogs with an extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunt (eCPSS) and 10 dogs with an intrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunt (iCPSS) at time of surgical intervention and from 21 healthy control dogs. Serum AA and other nitrogenous compounds were measured with a dedicated amino acid analyzer. The concentration of each AA was compared between groups using a Kruskal\u2013Wallis test followed by Dunn\u2019s multiple comparisons tests, as appropriate. The Benjamini\u2013Hochberg procedure was used to control for false discovery. Significance was set at q &lt; 0.05. Results: Compared to healthy controls, dogs with a CPSS had significantly increased serum concentrations of ammonia, asparagine, glutamic acid, histidine, phenylalanine, serine, and tyrosine and had significantly decreased concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, threonine, urea, and valine. There were no significant differences in serum AA concentrations between dogs with an eCPSS and dogs with an iCPSS. Conclusions: Dogs with a CPSS had altered serum AA concentrations compared to healthy control dogs, including decreased branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and increased aromatic amino acids (AAAs). In summary, serum AA profiles can differentiate dogs with a CPSS from healthy dogs but not dogs with an eCPSS from dogs with an iCPSS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15040258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T05:03:07Z","timestamp":1744174987000},"page":"258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serum Amino Acid Profiles in Dogs with a Congenital Portosystemic Shunt"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7374-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert Kyle","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda B.","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7047-9334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Tivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Paragon Point, Red Hall Crescent, Wakefield WF1 2DF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Vet Specialists, Unit 10, More Plus Central Park, Madison Way, Severn Beach, Bristol BS35 4ER, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia E.","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan S.","family":"Suchodolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg M.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5107-4577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Lidbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.19.11.1068","article-title":"Plasma ratio of valine, leucine and isoleucine to phenylalanine and tyrosine in liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Morgan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/35.7.1399","article-title":"Determination of branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine in serum of patients with various hepatic diseases, and its clinical usefulness","volume":"35","author":"Azuma","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. 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