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Dysbiosis, characterized by microbial imbalance, has been linked to reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, infertility, impaired spermatogenesis, and pregnancy complications. These associations can be explained by immunological dysregulation, systemic inflammation, altered sex hormone metabolism, and hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal (HPG) axis disturbances. This review aims to clarify the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning gut\u2013reproductive interactions and to evaluate the feasibility of microbiome-targeted therapies as clinical interventions for improving reproductive outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15060390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T03:44:58Z","timestamp":1749613498000},"page":"390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Its Impact on Reproductive Health: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3333-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efthalia","family":"Moustakli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofoklis","family":"Stavros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital \u201cATTIKON\u201d, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8892-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Periklis","family":"Katopodis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7716-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Potiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital \u201cATTIKON\u201d, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Drakakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital \u201cATTIKON\u201d, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Dafopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5287-4450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Zachariou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ioannina University, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9991-8097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Dafopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1350-4182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Zikopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ioannina University, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9553-6803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Zikopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital \u201cATTIKON\u201d, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sorboni, S.G., Moghaddam, H.S., Jafarzadeh-Esfehani, R., and Soleimanpour, S. 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